珠海市2010-2015年5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡原因分析

摘要

Objectvies To analyze the changes and the leading causes of deaths for children under 5 years old in Zhuhai during 2010-2015,and to provide evidence for formulating corresponding interventions.Methods Death surveillance data of children under the age of 5 were obtained from Zhuhai Children Mortality Surveillance System.Neonatal mortality rate(NMR),infant mortality rate(IMR),under 5-year old children mortality rate(U5 MR)and the leading causes of death were analyzed.Results The NMR and U5 MR in Zhuhai were 1.72 and 3.56 per 1000 lvie births in 2015,respectviely,which declined 28.63% and 23.77% compared with that in 2010.The top 8 causes of death were congenital heart disease,premature birth/low birth weight,birth asphyxia,pneumonia,accidental suffocation,traffic accident,drowning and leukemia.Declining trends in the mortalities of congenital heart disease and traffic accidents were significant and a rising trend in the mortality rate of leukemia was also found(P<0.05).Conclusions Significant effect was found in prevention of congenital heart disease and traffic accidents in children under 5 years old；more attention should be paid to mortality of leukemia and cancer.%目的 分析2010-2015年珠海市5岁以下儿童死亡率变化,主要死因别死亡率情况,为制定有针对性的工作政策提供依据.方法 利用珠海市5岁以下儿童死亡监测网收集的5岁以下儿童死亡资料,计算年度新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率和5岁以下儿童主要死因别死亡率,并采用卡方检验分析各指标变化趋势.结果 2015年珠海市新生儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为1.72‰和3.56‰.2010-2015年新生儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),分别下降28.63%和23.77%.珠海市近6年5岁以下儿童死亡死因前8位为先天性心脏病、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、意外窒息、交通意外、溺水和白血病及其他肿瘤.从死因别死亡率年度变化上看,5岁以下儿童死因别死亡率中,先天性心脏病死亡率、交通意外呈下降趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);白血病及肿瘤死亡率呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05).结论 珠海市2010-2015年对5岁以下儿童先天性心脏病和交通意外等的监管成效显著,但白血病及其他肿瘤导致的死亡率仍应加强监管措施,引起重视.