布朗族当前种植稻作地方品种的SSR位点多样性分析

摘要

调查收集了80份布朗族当前仍在种植的稻作地方品种,利用分布于水稻12条染色体上的72对SSR引物,进行了遗传多样性分析.共检测出271个等位基因,平均缚对引物3.764个;197个有效等位基因,平均每对引物2.739个;多态性信息含量变幅为0.163～0.827,平均为0.582;稀有等位基因数20个.云南省内3个不同地区布朗族种植的地方品种遗传多样性有差异,表现为勐海县>双江县>墨江县.地方品种的遗传相似系数变幅为0.111～0.875,平均为0.411;在相似系数0.266处可以将供试品种分为籼粳两大类,但不能再将布朗族同一集居区的地方品种完全聚成同一亚类,暗示着布朗族不同集居区的条件对地方品种进化的影响还比较有限.最后还就市朗族对地方品种多样性的贡献及可能的原因等进行了讨论分析,对如何防止地方品种收集中同名异种和同种异名问题发生提出了建议.%Eighty accessions of rice landraces being planted by the Bulang Minority were collected and used in diversity analysis by using 72 pairs of SSR primers distributed on 12 chromosomes.As the results, 271 alleles with an average of 3.764 per locus, and 197 effective alleles with an average of 2.739 per locus were detected.The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.163 to 0.827 with an average of 0.582.Twenty rare alleles were discovered.The genetic diversity of rice landraces differed among the three counties where the Bulang minority lives.The genetic diversity of Menghai County was the highest, followed by Shuangjiang County and Mojiang County.The similarity coefficient of rice landraces varied from 0.111 to 0.875 with an average of 0.411.All the rice landraces used might be clustered into indica group and japonica group at the similarity coefficient of 0.266.However, the rice landraces grown in one region failed in being clustered into one subgroup completely.This indicates that environmental and social factors in one region where the Bulang Minority lives have limited influence on evolution of the rice landraces in the region.In addition, the possible reasons and contribution to the rice landrace diversity by the Bulang minority were discussed.Some suggestions were put forward to avoid the landraces with one name but different ones or one landrace but with more than one name during collection.