水稻粒形遗传机制和粒形育种一直是水稻品质和产量研究的重要领域.在粳稻品种选育中,对长粒形遗传种质的选择,已经成为近年来一种新的育种趋势.我们在总结粒长及其相关性状的遗传研究进展和已知粒长相关基因功能的基础上,系统地介绍了南方稻区长粒粳稻的育种历程及其选育策略.同时,对以品种嘉禾218为代表的南方长粒晚粳稻系列品种农艺性状和品质特性进行了比较,在阐明长粒粳稻优质、高产的品种特点的同时,提出长粒晚粳育种中选择粒形、兼顾株型、保产提质的选育思路.%The genetic dissection and breeding of rice grain shape has always been an important subject in rice genetics. The long-grain shape has been a new favored quality trait in the breeding of japonica rice in recent years. While summarizing the genetic research progress in grain length-related traits and the corresponding gene function, we also systematically introduced the breeding course and selection strategy of long-grain japonica rice. Meanwhile, the agronomic and quality traits of long grain japonica varieties, represented by Jiahe 218, were compared with those of typical japonica rice varieties. Based on the successful breeding of long-grain japonica rice with high quality and high yield, we put forward the breeding strategy that combines grain shape selection, plant architecture optimization with yield and quality.
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