老年人虚弱的测评和干预研究进展

摘要

老年人虚弱是残疾的前期阶段，与不良结局密切相关，在高龄人群中有较高发生率。当前对虚弱的研究主要分为表现型和虚弱指数两种模式。诸多研究开发了虚弱筛查测量工具，包括简易自报量表如PRISMA-7、格罗宁根虚弱指数(GFI)、埃德蒙顿虚弱量表(EFS)、简易虚弱问卷(FRAIL)等，客观测量项目如步行速度、计时起立-行走测试、握力、呼吸功能等。运动和营养措施单独或结合应用，对老年人虚弱有积极的效果。%Frailty is a pre-disabled stage and associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Frailty has high preva-lence in older population. There are 2 principal emerging models of frailty, which are the phenotype model and the frailty index model. Many studies have developed tools to detect frailty, including self-report scales, such as PRISMA-7, Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Ed-monton Frail Scale (EFS) and Simple Frailty Questionnaire (FRAIL);and single assessments, such as gait speed, timed up-and-go test, grip strength, pulmonary function test. Intervention of exercise and/or nutrition are benefical for frail older adults.