社区个体化全病程管理对精神分裂症患者的康复疗效

摘要

Objective To study the cognitive and social function changes in schizophrenic patients after individualized whole-course case management in community.Methods Eighty-two patients with schizophrenia meeting the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) criteria were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups with 41 patients in each group,and one group was given individualized whole course case management,one with traditional treatment as control. The functional activities questionnaire ( FAQ),activity of daily living scale (ADL) and morning side rehabilitation status scale (MRSS) were used to evaluate the social function.And the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS-RC) and the clinic memory scale (CMS) was used to assess cognitive function.They were rated once every 6 months from January 2008 to December 2009.Results There were no significant difference on total scores of IQ,MQ,WCST at the baseline and the end of second year between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The total scores of IQ,MQ,WCST of the patients in the case management group were significant increased at end of the study,while in control group,only the total scores of IQ and WCST numbers of error answering had significantly increased at the end of second year than the baseline.Between two groups the total scores of ADL,FAQ were significant different at the end of second year and the total scores of MRSS were significantly different at the every stage of treatment.Conclusions The individualized whole-course case management could improve social function and a part of cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients in community.%目的 了解社区个体化全病程管理对精神分裂症患者认知及社会功能的影响.方法 将符合入组标准的82例精神分裂症患者从1～82编号,输入Excel表格,用随机函数产生相应的随机数并排序,单号为对照组(41例),双号为研究组(41例)；研究组实施社区个体化全病程管理方法,对照组进行传统门诊随访治疗.采用日常生活能力量表(ADL),功能活动调查表(FAQ),Morning Side 康复状态量表( MRSS)进行社会功能评定,采用韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC),临床记忆量表(CMS),计算机版威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)进行认知功能测定.结果 (1)认知功能的比较:研究组和对照组在基线和治疗第2年末总智商(IQ)、总记忆商(MQ)[研究组基线:IQ (94.88±11.14)分、MQ(67.07±18.92)分,治疗第2年末:IQ( 100.36±11.53)分、MQ(75.38±19.13)分；对照组基线:IQ (90.83±12.65)分、MQ(68.59±18.74)分,治疗第2年末:IQ (95.17±13.23)分、MQ(68.54±21.11)分]及WCST评分的差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)；研究组治疗第2年末IQ、MQ、WCST评分与基线比较,差异均有统计学意义(IQ:t =4.60,P=0.00;MQ:t =4.28,P=0.00;WCST:P均＜0.05),对照组治疗第2年末IQ、WCST中错误应答数评分[(52.94±20.09)分]与基线[ (62.17±17.32)分]比较,差异有统计学意义(IQ:t =4.30,P=0.00;WCST错误应答数:t=2.47,P=0.02).(2)社会功能的比较:治疗第2年末,研究组与对照组ADL、FAQ评分[研究组:ADL(16.03±1.91)分、FAQ( 1.72±1.70)分；对照组:ADL( 17.37±2.46)分、FAQ(2.81±2.47)分]的差异有统计学意义( ADL:t =2.64,P=0.01；FAQ:t =2.04,P=0.04)；在治疗的各阶段,2组MRSS总分的差异均有统计学意义(治疗第6个月末:t =2.72,P=0.01;治疗第1年末:t=3.50,P=0.00;治疗第18个月末:t =3.38,P=0.00;治疗第2年末:t=3.34,P=0.00).结论 精神分裂症患者认知和社会功能障碍的治疗是长期、整合、系统和连续的,社区个体化全病程管理能改善患者的社会功能,纠正部分认知缺陷.