北京市城市社区空巢老人健康状况综合评估与居家养老服务需求的研究

摘要

目的 综合评估城市社区空巢老人的健康状况,了解空巢老人居家养老服务需求现状及其影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样方法对北京市城市社区内137名空巢老人进行健康状况问卷调查及养老服务需求的半结构式访谈,应用内容分析法、单因素分析及多元线性回归分析空巢老人居家养老服务需求的影响因素.结果 空巢老人综合健康状况良好、一般、较差者分别占7.3％、29.9％,62.8％.居家养老服务需求中,前3位需求为疾病预防与管理需求(86.1％)、家务服务需求(81.0％)和生命安全需求(62.0％),综合健康状况是空巢老人居家养老服务需求的最主要影响因素.结论 空巢老人的综合健康状况较差,居家养老服务需求较多,应该完善城市社区居家养老服务体系,提高空巢老人的居家养老服务需求满足率.%Objective To investigate the comprehensive health status of empty-nest elders and their community service demand.Methods 137 empty-nest elders selected from urban community in Beijing were investigated by filling out health questionnaire and interviewed for service demand.Content analysis,single factor analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of service demand.Results The assessment of comprehensive health status indicated that the constituent ratios of excellent,general and poor health status were 7.3％,29.9％,62.8％ respectively.The top three service demands were disease prevention (86.1％),housework service demands (81.0％),and safety (62.0％).Age,empty-nest time,and comprehensive health status were associated with community service demands,and the comprehensive health status was the main influencing factor.Conclusions The comprehensive health status of empty-nest elders are poor,they have more service demands,corresponding measures should be provided to improve their need satisfaction rate.