不同阶段孕期营养指导对围生期母婴的影响

摘要

目的 探讨孕期不同阶段营养指导对新生儿出生体质量及分娩方式的影响.方法 将来潍坊市妇幼保健院产科接受孕期营养指导的孕妇作为观察组,并根据开始接受营养指导的时间分为A、B、C组.未接受孕期营养指导的孕妇作为对照组,对照组孕妇孕期增重及营养供给不限制.追踪随访并比较孕期增重、新生儿出生体质量、低出生体质量及巨大儿发生率及分娩方式等.结果 A、B组和对照组在孕期增重和新生儿出生体质量、巨大儿发生率、手术产发生率方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);C组和对照组孕妇在上述指标各方面比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 针对营养不均衡情况,孕早中期及时实施营养指导控制孕期增重,可调控新生儿出生体质量在合理范围,降低手术产率,改善分娩方式,提高母婴健康.%Objective To investigate the effect of nutritious guidance during different gestation on neonatal weight and delivery.Methods The pregnant women were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.In experimental group,the patients were subdivided into early gestation group,middle gestation group and late gestation group,and were given a specific nutritious guidance for pregnancy in the corresponding stage of gestation.In control group,the patients were only subjected to a general perinatal training in health and diet without any personalized nutritious guidance.Followed up and compared the changes such as weight gain,the way of delivery,the weight of the newborns,the incidence rate of infants of low-birth weight and giant infants.Results There was significant difference among early gestation group,middle gestation group and control group in the aspects of weight gain during pregnancy,neonatal weight,the odd of giant neonate,and the rate of cesarean delivery (P ＜ 0.01).However,no dramatically significant was reached in these aspects between late gestation group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Considering this issue of nutritious imbalance during pregnancy,appropriate nutritious guidance intervention starting in the early and middle gestation stage is apparently helpful for controlling neonatal weight within normal range,reducing cesarean delivery rate,and improving pregnant and neonatal health.