Objective To observe the short term effect of umbilical cord blood stem cell trans-plantation on liver fibrosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Methods Sixty patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis underwent umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation via hepatic artery into the patient’s body. The improvements in clinical symptoms were observed. The indexes of liver function and fibrosis were tested before transplantation and 2,4,8,12 and 24 weeks after graft, respectively. Results The clinical symptoms,such as fatigue,abdominal distension,inappetence were improved to some extent. The serum alanine aminotransferase and type Ⅲ collagen in the patients decreased gradually from 4 weeks of transplantation and serum albumin level increased gradually, at 8 weeks from transplantation,the differences were significant(P ﹤ 0. 05). Twelve weeks after opera-tion,the improvement was more obvious(P ﹤ 0. 01). At 24 weeks from transplantation,the indexes were slightly higher than those at the 12 week from transplantation except the serum albumin level,there were significant differences(P ﹤ 0. 05). Type Ⅳ collagen and laminin had a tendency of decrease at 4 weeks after operation,but the differences were not significant(P ﹥ 0. 05). Conclusions Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis are improved in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis after umbilical cord blood stem cell infusion. The best time to retransplantation may be 24 weeks from umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation.%目的：探讨脐血干细胞移植对失代偿期肝硬化患者肝纤维化的近期影响。方法选择肝硬化失代偿期患者60例，将脐血干细胞经肝动脉途径移植入患者体内，观察患者临床症状改变情况，分别于移植前及移植后第2、4、8、12、24周检测患者的肝纤维化指标及生化指标。结果移植术后患者临床症状（乏力、腹胀、纳差等）均有不同程度改善。自移植术后第4周始患者的血丙氨酸氨基转移酶、Ⅲ型前胶原逐渐下降，血清白蛋白水平逐渐增高，至移植术后第8周差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05），术后12周改善更明显（P ﹤0.01）；至移植术后第24周，除血清白蛋白水平略下降外，余监测指标较移植术后第12周略增高，但差异仍有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）；血Ⅳ型胶原、层黏连蛋白自术后第4周起水平虽有下降趋势，但差异未见统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）。结论脐血干细胞移植治疗可近期改善肝硬化失代偿期患者的肝纤维化程度，在脐血干细胞移植术后第24周时可能是再次移植的最佳时机。
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