双重抗血小板与华法林预防高危非瓣膜性心房颤动患者血栓栓塞的对照研究

摘要

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of aspirin-dipyridamole and warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)and high risk factors.Methods One hundred and forty NVAF patients with high risk factors were randomly divided into two groups.Warfarin group[78 cases international normalized ratio(INR)2.0-3.0,for the patients older than 75 years,INR ranging from 1.6 to 2.5]and combination group(62 cases received aspirin 160 mg once every day plus dipyridamole 160 mg 3 times every day).The incidence of death,thromboembolism(including stroke and peripheral arteries embolism)and hemorrhage events were observed.Results Followed-up 12-28 months.In warfarin group,3 cases lost,2 cages had stroke,2 cases suffered from serious bleeding events,6 cases had minor bleeding events.In combination group,2 cases lost,6 cases had stroke,and 2 cases suffered from peripheral arteries embolism events,3 cases had minor bleeding events,but no serious bleeding events occurred.The incidence of thromboembolism in warfarin group wag,lower than that in combination group[2.7%(2/75)vs 13.3%(8/60),P<0.05].There was no significant difference of the bleeding rate between the two groups[10.7%(8/75)vs 5.0%(3/60),P>0.05].Conclusions Warfarin anticoagulative therapy is more effective than aspirin and dipyridamole antiplatelet dual therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism events in patients with NVAF and high risk factors.The major bleeding events in warfarin group occurs in patients with INR>3.0,so under intensive monitoring(INR 2.0-3.0),warfarin therapy is effective and safety.%目的 比较阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫与华法林预防高危非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性.方法 将确诊的140例高危NVAF患者,采用机械抽样法随机分为两组,分别给予调整剂量华法林抗凝治疗[华法林组78例,目标国际标准化比值(INR)为2.0～3.0,年龄>75岁者INR为1.6～2.5]和阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫治疗(联合治疗组62例,阿司匹林100mg1次/d+双嘧达莫100 mg 3次/d).观察两组患者死亡、血栓栓塞事件(缺血性脑卒中和周围动脉栓塞)及各种出血的发生率.结果 随访12～28个月.华法林组失访3例,发生缺血性脑卒中2例,严重出血2例,轻微出血6例;联合治疗组失访2例,发生缺血性脑卒中6例,周围动脉栓塞2例,轻微出血3例,无严重出血病例.华法林组血栓栓塞事件的发生率明显低于联合治疗组[2.7%(2/75)比13.3%(8/60),P<0.05];出血发生率高于联合治疗组,但差异无统计学意义[10.7%(8/75)比5.0%(3/60),P>0.05].结论 华法林抗凝治疗预防高危NVAF患者血栓栓塞事件的疗效优于阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫抗血小板治疗,当INR>3.0时出血发生率明显增加,严密监测下(INR 2.0～3.0)调整剂量华法林抗凝治疗安全有效.