海冰离散元模型的研究回顾及展望

摘要

为描述极区及副极区海冰在不同尺度下的离散分布特性,以及海冰与海洋结构相互作用过程中的破碎性能,海冰的离散单元模型从20世纪80年代发展起来并不断完善.将海冰离散单元模型分为地球物理尺度(～100 km)、浮冰块尺度(10-10 000 m)和海洋结构尺度(1-100 m)等3种不同尺度,讨论不同尺度下海冰的离散分布规律或海冰由连续状态向离散状态转化的动力过程.通过对块体、圆盘和颗粒不同形态的海冰离散单元模型的介绍,对其在极区海冰的动力特性、海冰重叠堆积及其与波浪的作用过程、海冰与海洋结构的相互作用中的应用进行分析,对海冰强度的尺度效应进行讨论.最后,讨论海冰离散单元模型中存在的问题和重点研究内容.%To describe the discrete distribution of sea ice on different scales,sea-ice discrete element models have been developed since the 1980s.In this study,sea-ice scales are divided into a geophysical scale ( ~ 100 km) ,a floe scale ( ~ 10 km) ,and a structure scale ( ~ 1-100 m).For each scale,the discrete distributions and dynamic processes from continuous to discrete states of sea ice are presented.Sea-ice discrete element models with element shapes of blocks,disks,and particles are introduced.The models' applications in the dynamic characteristics of sea ice in polar regions,the simulation of sea-ice rafting and ridging and the interaction with waves,the interaction between sea ice and structures,and sea-ice mechanical properties modeling are analyzed.Sea-ice strength related to scale effect is discussed.Future studies on sea-ice discrete element models are suggested.