南极欺骗岛土壤细菌群落结构和多样性分析

摘要

Un-cultivation and cultivation methods based on 16S rDNA gene sequences were applied to determine the bacterial community composition and diversity in soil from Deception Island, Antarctic. The 16S rDNA clone library analysis revealed that the cloned sequences were assigned to 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in three phyla, namelyActinobacteria,Proteobacteria, andBacteroidetes. The dominant phyla Ac-tinobacteria andProteobacteria accounted for 65.25% and 28.81% of the total clones, respectively. The dominant genera of Actinobacteria wereSporichthya,Nocardioides,Conexibacter, Gaiella,andArthrobac-ter. The dominant genera ofProteobacteriawere Sphingomonas,Thiobacillus,Stenotrophomona, and Thermomonas. A total of 57 isolates were obtained and were assigned to 13 OTUs in four phyla, namelyAc-tinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,andFirmicutes. The dominantActinobacteria andProteo-bacteria accounted for 57.89% and 31.58% of the isolates, respectively. The dominant genera wereArthro-bacterandLeifsoniafromActinobacteria andPseudomonas fromProteobacteria. This study provides im-portant insights into soil bacterial diversity and beneficial microbial resources from Deception Island, Ant-arctic.%采用基于16S rDNA克隆文库的非培养方法和传统培养方法相结合的手段,对南极欺骗岛土壤细菌群落结构及多样性进行了初步分析.对来自16S rDNA克隆文库的118个阳性克隆进行测序和序列比对,结果显示细菌来自放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)3大门的39个操作分离单元(OTU),其中优势菌群为放线菌门和变形杆菌门,分别占65.25%和28.81%.放线菌门的主要优势属为鱼孢菌属(Sporichthya)、类诺卡式氏菌属(Nocardioides)、束缚菌属(Conexibacter)、Gaiella和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter).变形杆菌门的主要优势属为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)、寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和热单胞菌属(Thermomonas).采用6种培养基对细菌进行培养和分离,共得到57株菌,来自放线菌门、变形杆菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门4大门的13个OTU,其中优势菌群为放线菌门和变形杆菌门,分别占57.89%和31.58%.优势属是放线菌门的节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、雷夫松氏菌属(Leifsonia)和变形杆菌门的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).本论文为研究欺骗岛土壤细菌多样性以及有益菌种资源的开发和利用奠定了基础.