A lot of diseases (e.g., acute infarction and infections ) and the diversity of hamtful environmental changes ,including elevating temperature, heavy metals and oxidants damage many kinds of proteins in organism. The denatured proteins usually evoke endogenous adaptive cellular mechanisms called heat shock response. After the activation, heat shock factors (HSFs) bind with heat shock dement (HSE). This progress induces heat shock protein (HSP) expression, then facilitates repair of misfolded proteins, and finally inhibits the cell death (both necrosis and apoptosis) pathways. This review will introduce the structures and functions of HSF, HSP and HSE and details on the signaling process of HSP regulation by HSF.
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