人工耳蜗电极设计策略和临床应用

摘要

Since the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) approved the first cochlear implant in 1984, more than 300,000 hearing-impaired patients worldwide have regained hearing abilities through cochlear implantation. Elec-trode array is the key component of the cochlear implant device. Its design is mainly based on the pathophysiology of co-chlea. There are several commercial cochlear implant electrodes available. Over the course of the last three decades, techno-logical developments in cochlear implant electrode design have yielded substantial gains for cochlear implant users. Data on the influence of electrode insertion depth on cochlear implant performance remain conflicting. With the development of modern science and technology, the mismatch between predicted and default frequencies provided by cochlear implant elec-trode array can be reduced.%自1984年美国食品药品监督管理局批准第一款人工耳蜗装置用于临床，至今已有30余万听障人群通过人工耳蜗植入走出了无声世界。电极是人工耳蜗装置的核心部件之一，电极设计主要基于耳蜗生理结构和感音原理。不同人工耳蜗公司的电极产品各有其特点，并在临床应用过程中不断改进和完善。人工耳蜗电极植入深度与临床使用效果之间的关系是目前研究的热点，结果尚无定论。随着相关研究的深入和技术的进步，人工耳蜗电极产品将会减小输出频率与螺旋神经节细胞特征频率之间失匹配程度，使患者获得最佳的使用效果。