The relationship among estrogen, cytokines, and the metabolism of bone tissue is close but complex.Estrogen can not only produce biological effect through binding the estrogen receptors both on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but also affect the role of the osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and fibroblasts on the production of cytokines, such as activating the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, improving the secretion of TGF-βand IGF-1, reducing the expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.All the cytokines are closely correlated, forming a complicated network. Together with the extracellular matrix, the cytokines provide a particular bone microenvironment in the development of the bone.The cytokines can promote the differentiation and maturity of bone cells, and regulate the bone metabolism.Because of the loss of estrogen in postmenopausal period, the expression of these cytokines has also changed, which plays an important role in the bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of metabolic bone disease.%雌激素、免疫细胞因子和骨组织的代谢三者之间具有密切而又复杂的联系。雌激素除了可直接与成骨细胞和破骨细胞上的雌激素受体结合产生生物学效应外，另一方面还可以影响骨细胞和成纤维细胞等对某些细胞因子的表达，如激活OPG/RANK/RANKL系统、增加TGF-β、IGF-1等的分泌；减少IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α等抑制性细胞因子的表达等。各种细胞因子之间相互作用、联系，组成复杂的调控网络，与细胞外基质一起形成骨组织发育所特需的骨微环境，它们作用于成骨细胞和破骨细胞，介导骨细胞的分化及成熟，参与正常的骨组织的代谢。因此绝经后由于雌激素的丢失，使细胞因子的表达发生改变，其在骨组织的代谢及代谢性骨病的发病中起到重要作用。
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