骨质疏松模型建立的研究进展

摘要

随着世界人口老年化比例不断上升，越来越多的人出现因骨质疏松引发的临床并发症如：骨质疏松性骨折、慢性骨痛、肌无力等。为了能够对骨质疏松症的发病机理及其治疗方法进行深入的研究，骨质疏松模型的建立是其的必备条件。目前已有多种方法建立骨质疏松模型，主要分为两大类，一类是体内模型，此类造模方法主要是以物理、化学或生物等致因素作用于动物，造成活体动物组织、器官或全身损害，并出现类似人类疾病时的功能、代谢或形态结构方面的改变。目前运用此法的主要有手术模型、药物去势模型、维甲酸模型、失用模型、营养模型、脑源性模型、基因重组模型等。另一类是体外模型，包括：盐酸模型、双氧水模型、细胞模型和计算机三维有限元模型。相比较体内模型来说，体外模型的研究范围较窄，只是在某些方面与人体骨质疏松具有相似之处。目前为止任何一种模型只是在某些方面与人体骨质疏松具有相似之处，没有任何一种模型在各个方面完全与人类骨质疏松症的临床表现一致。本文对骨质疏松模型建立方法研究进展及特点的进行阐述。%With the rising of the aging population in the world, more and more people suffers from clinical complications due to osteoporosis, such as osteoporotic fractures, chronic bone pain, muscle weakness, etc.In order to explore the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and its treatment methods, the establishment of the models of osteoporosis is essential.Now there are a variety of methods to establish the model of osteoporosis.It is mainly divided into two categories.One is the in vivo model.The in vivo method is mainly based on physical, chemical or biological pathogenic factors acting on the animals, resulting in the damage of tissue, organ, or the whole body in living animals, which is similar to the changes of metabolic function or morphology in human diseases.These method includes operation model, medical castration model, retinoic acid method, disuse model, nutrition model, brain derived model, gene recombination model, etc.The other one is the in vitro model, including: hydrochloric acid model, hydrogen peroxide model, cell model, and computer model of three-dimensional finite element.Comparing with the in vivo models, the study scope of the in vitro models is narrow.And it is similar to human osteoporosis in some areas only.So far every model is similar to human osteoporosis in certain extent.No model is entirely accordant with human osteoporosis in the clinical manifestation. This paper reviews the research progress and characteristics of the establishment of the osteoporotic models.