短柄全髋关节置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死患者的近期疗效

摘要

目的 评价陶瓷对陶瓷短柄全髋关节置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死晚期患者的近期疗效.方法 2009年12月至2011年3月接受陶瓷对陶瓷短柄初次全髋关节置换术治疗的中青年股骨头坏死患者40例(43髋),男23例,女17例；年龄27～55岁,平均40.5岁.Steinberg分期均为Ⅳ期以上.29例采用后外侧入路,11例采用前侧入路.术后3、6、12个月及以后每年随访1次,摄骨盆正位及髋关节侧位X线片,测量假体下沉距离；采用Harris髋关节评分和WOMAC骨关节炎指数评估关节功能.结果 38例(41髋)得到随访,随访时间21～36个月,平均31.3个月.末次随访X线片上假体位置较术后即刻下沉(0.68±2.90) mm,差异无统计学意义(t=1.51,P=0.139).术后髋关节疼痛均明显改善或消失,Harris髋关节评分由术前平均(38.7±12.1)分提高至末次随访(95.2±4.49)分,WOMAC骨关节炎指数由术前平均66.7±12.0降至末次随访12.8±5.6,差异均有统计学意义.随访期间未发生股骨颈骨折、感染、肺栓塞等严重并发症,无假体关节脱位、松动及假体感染.结论 短柄全髋关节置换术可更多地保留骨量,假体初始稳定性好,全陶瓷头衬配伍的磨损率低,近期疗效佳,假体相关并发症少.%Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and experiences of short stem ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of young and middle-aged patients with femoral head necrosis.Methods From December 2009 to March 2011,40 patients with femoral head necrosis were treated primarily with short stem ceramic-on-ceramic hip arthroplasty (43 hips) through posterior-lateral or anterior-lateral approach.There were 23 males,17 females； with the mean age of 40.5 years (range,27-55 years).All cases were stage Ⅳ or more according Steinberg stage.The patients were followed up at the 3,6,12 months after operation,and then once each year.Standard X-ray films were taken at the follow-ups.Femoral prosthesis subsidence was assessed through X-ray films.Harris scores system and WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index were recorded before and after operation to evaluate clinical effects of surgery.Results Thirty-eight patients (41 hips) were followed up for 21-36 months,with an average of 31.3 months.The femoral stem subsided 0.68±2.90 mm at the last follow-up.After operation,hip pain of patients was relieved obviously.The Harris score improved from 38.7±12.1 (15-66) preoperatively to 95.2±4.49 (83-100) postoperatively,WOMAC Index from 66.7±12.0 (49-94) to 12.8±5.6 (0-24).During follow-up period,there was no serious complication such as femoral neck fracture,infection of wound,pulmonary embolism,et al.No dislocation,implant prosthesis failure and infection were observed.Conclusion The short stem hip arthroplasty preserves bone stock to a great extent.The short stem implant showed a good stability and osseous integration.The wear rate of ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface is extremely low.Short stem hip arthroplasty plus ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface might be a good option for the young and middle-aged patients with femoral head necrosis.