浙江德清中小学生眼屈光和生物学参数特点

摘要

目的 调查浙江德清县中小学生眼部屈光状况及生物学参数。方法 调查研究。随机抽取德清县城区内6所学校的部分中小学生为调查对象，共有1853名学生接受检查，女性占47.81％，男性占52.19％，年龄6～18岁，平均为(14.4±3.1)岁。在非睫状肌麻痹状态下用自动验光仪测量双眼屈光度数，用IOL Master测量眼轴长、前房深度和角膜曲率。数据采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验、方差分析和线性回归进行分析。结果 这1853名学生近视和散光的患病率分别为82.60％和10.50％，右眼平均等效球镜度和散光度分别为（-2.38±2.12）和（-0.51±0.49）D。右眼眼轴长度和前房深度分别为(24.3±1.2)和(3.6±0.2)mm。右眼平均水平和垂直角膜曲率分别为(42.78±1.51)和(43.81±1.52)D。眼轴延长过程中眼前段(AS)和眼后段(PS)的关系为PS=1.66×AS+14.78。结论 德清县中小学生的近视患病率从9岁开始出现较为明显的逐年升高趋势。角膜曲率与性别有关，但与年龄、屈光状态无关。随着近视度数的增加，前房逐渐加深，眼轴也随之延长，但眼球后段在眼轴延长的过程中起主导作用。%Objective To assess the characteristics of the ocular biometric parameters and prevalence of refractive errors in junior and senior school children in Deqing County. Methods Investigative survey. There were 1853 students from 6 schools in Deqing County randomly recruited for the study. Their mean age was (14.4±3.1)years; 47.81％ were females and 52.19％ were males.Objective refraction without cycloplegia was obtained with an autorefractor. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and corneal curvature (CC) were measured by IOL Master under noncycloplegia.Data were analyzed with an independent samples t test, a paired t test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Results The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism of the 1853 students was 82.60％ and 10.50％, respectively. Average spherical equivalent (SE) and cylinder power of right eyes were (-2.38±2.12) and (-0.51±0.49)D, respectively. Mean AL and ACD of right eyes were (24.3±1.2) and (3.6± 0.2)mm, respectively. Average horizontal and vertical CC were (42.78±1.51) and (43.81±1.52)D,respectively. The relationship between anterior segment (AS) and posterior segment (PS) during axial elongation was PS=1.66×AS+14.78. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia is higher in elder students from Deqing County schools, and there is a rapid rise of prevalence of myopia since 9-year-old children. Corneal curvatures significantly correlate to sex, but not to age or refractive state. As the level of myopia increase, ACD becomes deeper and AL elongates, during which posterior segment of eye plays a predominant role.