吸烟对职业噪声暴露人群的听力影响研究

摘要

目的：研究吸烟对职业噪声暴露人群的听力影响。方法以2009年来本院进行岗前体检、接触职业性噪声的作业人员作为研究对象。研究对象分为非吸烟人群（对照组）、吸烟人群（吸烟组）；吸烟人群中，按吸烟数量多少（＜10支／d；≥10支／d，＜20支／d；≥20支／d）分为：低暴露组、中暴露组、高暴露组。分析研究对象2009、2012年职业健康检查结果，包括内科检查、纯音测听、血常规及生物化学检查等。结果纯音听力频率为0．5、1、2 kHz时，对照组与吸烟组的听力受损率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；3、4、6 kHz频率时，对照组与吸烟组的听力受损率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。纯音听力频率为0．5、1、2、3 kHz时，低、中、高暴露组听力受损率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；4、6 kHz频率时，低、中、高暴露组听力受损率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论吸烟为职业噪声暴露人群听力损失的危险因素，吸烟量的多少与听力损失呈正相关。（中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志，2015，15：36-38）%Objective To study the relationship of smoking and hearing loss in occupational noise exposure workers .Methods Occupational noise exposure workers who had taken pre-service medical examination were considered as the research subjects .The research subjects were divided into non-smoking population ( control group ) and smoking population(smoking group).The smoking population were divided into low exposure group , moderate exposure group and high exposure group based on their smoking ( <10 cigarettes/day;≥10 cigarettes/day, <20 cigarettes/day;≥20 cigarettes/day respectively ) .The occupational health examination results in 2009 and 2012 were analyzed , including medical examination , pure tone audiometry results , blood and biochemical tests .Results When pure tone audiometry frequency were 0.5, 1, 2 kHz , the hearing-impaired rate in control group and smoking group was not statistically significant(P>0.05);when pure tone audiometry frequency were 3,4,6 kHz , the hearing-impaired rate in control group and smoking group was statistically significant (P<0.05).When pure tone audiometry frequency were 0.5,1,2,3 kHz, the hearing-impaired rate in low exposure group , moderate exposure group and high exposure group was not statistically significant(P>0.05);when pure tone audiometry frequency were 4,6 kHz,the hearing-impaired rate in low exposure group, moderate exposure group and high exposure group was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions Smoking is a risk factor of hearing loss of occupational noise exposure population , the amount of smoking was positively correlated with hearing loss.