密植条件下国审冬油菜品种主要性状特点与差异

摘要

为研究增大种植密度后油菜品种的群体优势和单位面积产量，以2013年品种区域试验中密植条件下（3.45×105～4.05×105株/ hm2）国家审定的22个冬油菜品种为材料，研究农艺性状、产量性状、品质性状及抗病性状，分析不同区域审定品种各性状的差异，比较密植条件与稀植条件下油菜品种在单株产量、单位面积产量及产量构成因子间的变化特征。结果表明：参试品种的平均单位面积产量为2861.25kg/ hm2，平均含油量为44.88%；3个产量构成因子中，单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重平均分别为280.52个、21.13个和3.85g，其中，以单株角果数的变异系数最高，为0.21，表明其在不同品种间差异大，是最不稳定的产量因子。单株产量与单株有效角果数和分枝数的相关系数分别为0.79和0.68，达到极显著水平，与每角粒数和千粒重无显著相关关系；单位面积产量则与3个产量构成因子均无显著相关关系。主成分分析结果表明，4个综合指标的累计贡献率81.83%，可以用其对单位面积产量进行概括分析。与2001-2010年间稀植条件下审定的冬油菜品种相比，2013年密植条件下审定的冬油菜品种单位面积产量提高了10.61%，然而3个产量构成因子中，单株角果数降幅为29.08%，每角粒数和千粒重则无显著变化，这种变化可能主要归因于油菜种植密度的大幅增加。%To better understand group advantage of rapeseed production and agronomic changes of cultivars un-der higher planting density(3. 45 × 105 to 4. 05 × 105 per hectare),yield and yield components from 22 newly reg-istered cultivars in 4 regions were investigated in 2013 National Variety Trials. The analysis was focused on correla-tion changes from cultivars registered in 2013 and 2001 - 2010(in which rapeseed were planted at lower density). Results showed that average yield of the 22 cultivars was 2 861. 25kg / hm2 and the average oil content was 44. 88% . The average effective siliques per plant,seed per silique and thousand seed weight( TSW)were 280. 52,21. 13 and 3. 85g respectively. Coefficient of variation of effective siliques per plant was 0. 21,which was higher than other 2 traits as seeds per silique and TSW. It indicated to be more variant among the cultivars. The coefficient was 0. 79 between yield per plant and effective siliques per plant,and the correlation was highly signifi-cant. But the other 2 yield components(seeds per silique and TSW)had no significant correlation with yield per plant. Yield had no significant correlation with the above 3 yield components. Principal components analysis showed that 4 comprehensive factors contributed to 81. 38% . Compared to cultivars from 2001 - 2010 planted at lower density,the average yield of cultivars from 2013 increased 10. 61% . The effective siliques per plant de-creased 29. 08% with no difference of siliques per plant and TSW. The low correlation between yield and yield components might be resulted from high planting density.