湖北省花生主产区花生田杂草种类与群落特征

摘要

为了明确湖北省花生主产区花生田杂草的发生危害现状和群落组成特征,运用倒置“W”9点取样对田间杂草群落进行了调查.结果表明,该省花生主产区花生田杂草有76种,隶属于24科,其中优势杂草有4种,局部优势杂草有6种,次要杂草有10种,一般性杂草有56种.相对多度较大的杂草有马唐、鳢肠、火柴头和铁苋菜,是构成湖北花生主产区花生田杂草群落的优势种.鄂东北地区花生田主要形成鳢肠+马唐+火柴头为主的杂草群落,鄂北地区花生田主要形成马唐+铁苋菜+火柴头+鳢肠为主的杂草群落.鄂东北地区花生田杂草群落的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数较高,而Simpson优势度指数较低.%In order to clarify weed diversity and characteristics of weed communities in peanut fields of main growing regions in Hubei Province,field weed survey was conducted using an inverted W-pattern with 9 sampling points.A total of 76 weed species belonging to 24 families were found,including 4 dominant species,6 regional dominant species,10 minor species,and 56 sporadic species.The relative abundance (RA) of Digitaria sangui-nalis,Eclipta prostrate,Commelina bengalensis and Acalypha australis were higher than those of other weed spe-cies.They were the dominant weeds in all main peanut regions in Hubei Province.The most common weed commu-nities were Eclipta prostrate + Digitaria sanguinalis + Commelina bengalensis in peanut fields in northeastern Hubei Province,and Digitaria sanguinalis + Acalypha australis + Commelina bengalensis + Eclipta prostrata in northern Hubei Province.The variety and diversity of weeds in peanut fields in northeastern Hubei were greater than those in northern Hubei,but the Simpson index was relatively lower.