自取样HPV检测技术在子宫颈癌筛查人群中的接受状况调查

摘要

目的 调查自取样HPV检测技术在子宫颈癌筛查人群中的接受状况,探讨其在子宫颈癌筛查中的可行性.方法 选取2018年3月5—15日,在北京市顺义区子宫颈癌筛查点(即北京市顺义区妇幼保健院),由医护人员对采用自取样HPV检测技术进行子宫颈癌筛查的1 375例妇女,进行接受状况的问卷调查,具体询问内容有两个方面:(1)自取样的使用体验:包括可操作性、舒适性、取样耗时、采样后出血情况;(2)自取样后的心态变化:包括未来是否愿意再次接受自取样、自取样过程中比较担心的问题.分析对自取样接受状况的调查结果;并根据是否进行操作视频的指导分为指导组和非指导组,对两组筛查妇女的自取样使用体验和自取样后的心态变化进行比较.结果(1)自取样的使用体验:参与问卷调查的 1 375例自取样妇女中,86.55%(1 190/1 375)的筛查妇女认为操作"方便",78.40%(1 078/1 375)的筛查妇女认为"不难受",88.58%(1 218/1 375)的筛查妇女认为取材"快(即<5 min)",94.04%(1 293/1 375)的筛查妇女自采样后"无出血".自取样后的心态变化:在未来是否愿意再次接受自采样方面,83.27%(1 145/1 375)的筛查妇女"愿意";在比较担心的问题方面,85.82% (1 180/1 375)的筛查妇女认为"采样不够准确".(2)在参与问卷调查的1 375例自取样妇女中,指导组1 202例、非指导组173例.指导组筛查妇女的自取样使用体验包括可操作性、舒适性、取样耗时、采样后出血情况均优于非指导组,未来愿意再次接受自采样的比例高于非指导组(分别为86.69%、59.54%),担心自己不会操作的比例低于非指导组(分别为11.23%、32.37%),以上指标两组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自取样HPV检测技术具有操作方便、无不适感等特点,在子宫颈癌筛查中具有可行性.筛查过程中进行操作视频的指导后可有效提高筛查者的使用体验和未来再次接受自采样的意愿.%Objective To investigate the acceptance of HPV self-sampling mode in cervical cancer screening population and explore its feasibility. Methods From March 5 to 15, 2018, researchers investigated women who participated in cervical cancer screening organized by Beijing Shunyi Women＇s and Children＇s Hospital in the form of questionnaires. Questionnaires were conducted on their acceptance status and the factors that affect the self-sampling experience. The specific contents of the questionnaires were as follows: (1) the experience of using self-sampling included operability, comfortable, sample time-consuming, bleeding or not after sampling; (2) psychological changes after self-sampling, including the willingness to accept self-sampling again, the worrying problems during self-sampling process. According to whether or not have operating video guidance, the self-sampling experience and psychological changes after self-sampling were compared. Results (1) There were 1 375 women participated in the questionnaire survey, and 86.55% (1 190/1 375) of them thought the self-sampling was convenient, 78.40% (1 078/1 375) thought it was not uncomfortable, 88.58% (1 218/1 375) thought the sampling time was fast (less than 5 minutes), 94.04% (1 293/1 375) self-sampling without bleeding; and 83.27% (1 145/1 375) were willing to self-sampling for cervical cancer screening again, 85.82% (1 180/1 375) were afraid of inaccurate sampling. (2) Among the 1 375 women, 1 202 were in the video guidance group and 173 were in the non-guidance group. The self-sampling experience of women in video guidance group was better than those of non-guidance group in operability, comfortable, sampling time-consuming and bleeding after sampling. The proportion of women who willing to self-sampling again was higher than that of non-guidance group (86.69% vs 59.54%, respectively). The proportion of women who worried operating incorrectly was lower than that of non-guidance group (11.23% vs 32.37%, respectively). The differences were significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions Self-sampling for HPV testing in cervical cancer screening is easy to operate and has little discomfort complaint. It is feasible in cervical cancer screening. Operational video guidance during the screening process could effectively improve the women＇s experience and willingness to self-sampling again in the future.