铅酸电池负极板栅用Al/Pb复合材料的制备及性能

摘要

采用熔盐化学镀−金属浴工艺在金属Al表面镀制Pb镀层，并对复合材料的性能进行研究。利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜观察 Al/Pb复合材料的表面形貌和结合界面的金相结构，利用万能材料试验机测试 Pb 镀层与基体的结合力，并对Pb镀层的完整性以及在5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的耐腐蚀性和循环稳定性进行测试，结果表明：Pb镀层表面平整、光滑、无孔洞，镀层厚度均匀，且Al/Pb结合界面有明显的过渡层，形成了冶金结合；镀层与基体的结合强度均值达2.621 MPa，能够满足铅酸电池板栅的要求；采用熔盐化学镀−金属浴工艺制备的铅镀层的完整性、耐腐蚀性和稳定性满足铅酸电池负极板栅的要求，Al/Pb复合材料可以作为轻质板栅用于铅酸电池负极。%　　Using molten salt electrolysis plating­metal bath process, Pb alloys were directly deposited on the surface of Al, and the properties of Al/Pb composite materials were studied. Using SEM and metallographic microscope, the surface morphology and combination interface of the Al/Pb composites materials were observed. Using universal testing machine, the combination strength between lead coating and matrix was tested. On the integrity, the corrosion resistance and cyclic stability of lead layer in 5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were tested. The results show that, the surface of lead layer is flat, smooth and non­holes, the thickness of the layer is uniform, and the interface of Al/Pb combination interface has obvious intermediate layer which indicates that a metallurgical combination is formed. The combination strength reaches 2.621 MPa, which can meet the requirements of lead acid battery. The integrity, corrosion resistance and stability of the lead coating prepared by this technology meet the grid requirements for lead­acid batteries, and Al/Pb composites can be used as a light­weight negative grid for lead­acid batteries.