神经外科患者142例医院感染调查分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the hospital infection status of neurosurgery inpatients, discuss the risk factors and characteristics of infection, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of hospital infections. Methods 1 283 neurosurgical inpatients with nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectivly from Jan.2012 to Dec.2013.Results 142 case-times of the nosocomial infections were founde in 1 283 patients.The case-time infec-tion rate was 11.1%.The main sites of neurosurgical nosocomial infection were lower respiratory tract,followed by u-rinary tract infection.The predominant pathogens were gram-negative bacterial,accounting for 78.2%, gram-positive cocci accounting for 16.4%,and fungi accounting for 5.4%, most distribution of 4 species of pathogens were Kleb-siella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.The main risk factors of hospi-tal infections were age,hospitalization duration,the extent of coma,low immune function and aggressive procedure(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial infections is high in neurosurgery departments.In orther to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection neurosurgery, it is necessary to take positive and effective prevention measures, strengthen the control and management according to the risk factors.%目的：调查分析神经外科住院患者医院感染情况，探讨其危险因素及感染的特点，为预防及控制感染提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析的方法，查阅于2012-01～2013-12共1283例神经外科住院患者发生医院感染的情况进行调查分析。结果发生医院感染的有142例次，例次感染发生率为11.1％。感染部位以下呼吸道为主，其次是泌尿道。感染的病原菌中革兰阴性菌为首位，占78.2％，革兰阳性菌占16.4％，真菌占5.4％，分布前4种病原菌分别为肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌。医院感染的发生与患者的年龄、住院天数、昏迷程度、免疫功能低下及各种侵入性操作等危险因素有关（ P＜0.05）。结论神经外科是医院感染的高发科室，应针对各种危险因素采取相应的预防措施，同时加强医院感染的管理及防控意识，可有效的减少神经外科医院感染的发生。