他汀类药物在缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作二级预防中的应用现状及其依从性

摘要

目的 了解他汀类药物在缺血性卒中和TIA二级预防的不同危险因素分层中的应用现状,分析影响他汀类药物依从性的因素.方法 从2009年4月至2010年1月前瞻性登记在郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科连续入院的缺血性卒中和TIA患者,收集其临床特征及可能影响他汀类药物依从性的因素,随访发病后3个月时他汀类药物的应用情况,使用多元Logistic回归进行统计学分析.结果 共纳入缺血性卒中和TIA患者369例.住院期间有52.8％ (195/369)的患者应用他汀类药物.高危组、极高危Ⅱ组及极高危Ⅰ组他汀类药物应用的指南符合率分别为25.0％ (16/64),44.1％ (30/68)和71.4％(135/189),Logistic回归分析发现住院期间使用他汀类药物与糖尿病病史(P =0.032,OR=1.789,95％ CI 1.052～3.043)及颈动脉易损斑块的存在相关(P=0.000,OR=5.308,95％ CI3.340～8.434).3个月时他汀类药物总体应用率为22.3％(81/363),明显低于住院期间他汀类药物的应用率(P=0.000).3个月时高危组、极高危Ⅱ组及极高危Ⅰ组他汀类药物应用的指南符合率分别为9.7％ (6/62),25.8％ (17/66)和29.4％( 55/187).Logistic回归分析发现3个月随访时他汀类药物依从性好与出院医嘱相关(P =0.000,OR=34.852,95％ CI14.673 ～ 175.452).结论 他汀类药物在缺血性卒中和TIA二级预防中的依从性差,与指南存在差距；出院医嘱是二级预防中他汀类药物依从性好的促进因素.%Objective To investigate the application of statins in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in different risk groups,and to identify the factors influencing the compliance of statins. Methods Data were prospectively collected on consecutively encountered ischemic stroke or TIA patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2009 to January 2010.All clinical characteristics and possible factors influencing the compliance of statins were collected; the application of statins was investigated at 3-month follow-up.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for the analysis of influence factors of the compliance of statins.Results All 369 patients were collected,52.8％ of cases were prescribed statins for therapy during hospitalization.The application rate of statins in accordance with guidelines in high-risk group,extremely high-risk Ⅱ group and extremely high-risk Ⅰ group was 25.0％ (16/64),44.1％ (30/68) and 71.4％ (135/189),respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the statins application during hospitalization was associated with diabetes history ( P =0.032,OR =1.789,95％ CI 1.052-3.043 ) and the presence of carotid vulnerable plaques(P =0.000,OR =5.308,95％ CI 3.340-8.434).The general application rate of statins was 22.3％ (81/363),which was significantly lower than that during hospitalization. The application rate of statins in accordance with guidelines in high-risk group,extremely high-risk Ⅱ group and extremely high-risk Ⅰ group was 9.7％ ( 6/62 ),25.8％ (17/66) and 29.4％ (55/187) respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that good compliance of statins was associated with discharge instructions on statins application ( P =0.000,OR =34.852,95％ CI 14.673-175.452 ). Conclusions The compliance of statins in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and TIA is poor,and there is still a large gap between clinical practice and guidelines; Discharge instructions on statins application increase the compliance of statins.