铅酸蓄电池的发展、现状及其应用

摘要

铅酸蓄电池(简称铅酸电池)从问世至今已有150多年的历史,因其价格低廉、技术成熟、性能可靠等优势,已成为目前化学电源中产量最大、应用最广的二次电池,长期以来被广泛应用于社会生产和生活的多种场合.本文介绍了铅酸电池的工作原理、发展历史、技术演化、结构组成和应用现状.在此基础上,展望了铅酸电池的未来发展方向和应用前景.%Invented more than 150 years ago,lead-acid battery has been the dominant portion in the second battery market with the widest applications in industry and daily life due to its unique advantages,such as low cost,mature technology,reliable performance and sound safety.In this paper,the principle,the history,the invention processes,the components,and the applications of lead-acid battery are reviewed.Finally,the future development directions and application prospective of lead-acid batteries are discussed.