胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）受体激动剂（GLP-1RA）艾塞那肽（exenatide）和利拉鲁肽（liraglutide）的作用机制是增加胰岛素分泌，抑制胰高血糖素释放，减轻胰岛素抵抗，抑制食欲并减缓胃排空。这些降糖作用具有葡萄糖浓度依赖性可避免严重低血糖。除了有确切的降糖作用外，还有降血压、保护心血管、减轻脂肪肝、调脂和减轻体质量的作用，动物实验中，这类药物有助于保护β细胞功能，可以安全地与二甲双胍、磺酰脲类药物、噻唑烷二酮类和胰岛素联合治疗糖尿病，其代表性药物利拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽为控制高血糖和降低体质量提供了另一种治疗选择。%Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), exenatide and liraglutide, exert their hypoglycemic effects by enhancing the secretion of insulin, inhibiting the release of glucagon, reducing insulin resistance, suppressing appetite and inhibiting gastric emptying. These effects are in a glucose level-dependent manner so as to prevent severe hypoglycemia. In addition to these definite hypoglycemic effects, the agents also decrease blood pressure, protect heart and blood vessels, attenuate fatty liver and reduce body mass. In animal experiments, these GLP-1RA drugs protect the function of β cells, and are safely combined with metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones and insulin in the treatment of diabetes. Exenatide and liraglutide, as representatives of GLP-1RA, are a good option to control blood glucose and reduce body mass for diabetic patients.
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