老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁调查分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in male elderly on physical examination , and investigate its main influencing factors in order to provide the basis for early prevention and control .Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1132 male elderly who took routine physical examination in our hospital from March to July 2015.They were at an age of (75.2 ±9.5) years, and divided into 60-69 (n=364), 70-79 (n=363) and ≥80 years old groups (n=405). Hospital anxiety and depression scale ( HADS ) was used to assess their prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms .Results The HADS of the subjects were relatively low , with a positive rate of 2.5%for anxiety and 4.3%for depression.But the positive rates were 2.5%and 6.4%respectively in ≥80 years old men.Special dietary preferences and sleep disorders were risk factors for anxiety and depression.The ORs of special dietary preferences were 2.10 (95%CI:1.03-4.26, P=0.041) for anxiety and 1.84 (95%CI:1.07-3.18, P=0.028) for depression.The ORs of sleep disorder were 1.81 (95%CI:1.10-2.97, P=0.002) and 2.77 (95%CI:1.47-5.23, P=0.020) respectively.Alcohol drinking was a protective factor for depression, with an OR of 0.47 (95%CI:0.27-0.84, P=0.010).That is, compared to the current non-drinkers (including those with previous alcohol consumption and those who never drinked ) , the risk of depression was decreased by 53% for current drinkers .Conclusion The anxiety and depression symptoms are relatively low among the male elderly on physical examination .Special dietary preferences , current alcohol drinking and sleep disorder are influencing factors .Doctors should pay attention to the anxiety and depression symptoms in the elderly , and carry out early targeted interventions to reduce the serious psychological problems .%目的：探讨老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁的患病水平及主要影响因素，为早期开展针对性防控提供依据。方法采用医院焦虑抑郁量表（ HADS），对解放军总医院2015年3月至2015年7月1132例接受常规健康体检的老年男性进行横断面调查，年龄（75．2±9．5）岁，其中60～69岁364例，70～79岁363例，≥80岁405例。结果老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁问题相对较轻，焦虑阳性率为2．5％，抑郁阳性率为4．3％。其中≥80岁高龄老年人的焦虑和抑郁阳性率分别为2．5％和6．4％。饮食偏好和睡眠障碍是影响老年男性人群焦虑和抑郁的危险因素。饮食偏好对焦虑和抑郁阳性率影响的OR值分别为2．10（95％CI：1．03～4．26，P＝0．041）和1．84（95％CI：1．07～3．18，P＝0．028）。睡眠障碍对焦虑和抑郁情绪阳性率影响的OR值分别为1．81（95％CI：1．10～2．97，P＝0．002）和2．77（95％CI：1．47～5．23，P＝0．020）。饮酒是老年男性人群抑郁的保护因素，其OR值为0．47（95％CI：0．27～0．84，P＝0．010），即相对于现在不饮酒者（包括既往饮酒和从不饮酒），现在饮酒者发生抑郁的风险下降53％。结论老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁问题相对较轻。饮食偏好、现在饮酒和睡眠障碍是影响因素。这也提示我们要重视老年人群的焦虑和抑郁问题，并早期开展针对性干预措施，以减少严重心理问题的发生。