目的 探讨老年男性体检人群心理问题的患病水平及主要影响因素,为早期开展针对性防治措施提供数据支持.方法 2015年3月~7月在北京市某部队三甲医院常规体检的老年男性人群进行横断面调查,采用精神症状自评量表进行心理问题评估.结果 本研究纳入1132名老年男性体检对象,年龄60~99岁,平均(75.2±9.5)岁,其中80岁及以上共有405人,占35.8%;共有101名研究对象精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)阳性,阳性率为8.9%,其中,80岁及以上高龄老年人的阳性率为9.9%;SCL-90总分均值为24.5±23.2;影响老年男性体检人群心理健康的主要因子分别是强迫症状(9.9%)、躯体化(8.6%)和附加因子(8.6%),除了躯体化因子外,老年男性体检人群的SCL-90因子分显著低于军人与地方常模分数(P<0.01);离异/丧偶、 饮食偏好和睡眠障碍是影响老年男性人群心理健康问题的危险因素,其OR值分别为1.44(95%CI为1.29~1.76)、2.12(95%CI为1.38~3.24)和3.37(95%CI为2.31~4.93),而经常体育锻炼是老年男性人群心理健康的保护因素,其OR值为0.58(95%CI为0.31~0.86).结论 老年男性人群的精神心理问题患病率较低,婚姻状况、饮食偏好、体育锻炼和睡眠障碍是影响心理健康问题的重要因素.这提示需要重视老年人群尤其是离异/丧偶、存在睡眠障碍等的人群,并早期开展针对性的措施,以减少严重精神心理问题的发生.%Objective To analyze the prevalence of mental health problems and related risk factors among retired elderly males. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a third-grade hospital in Beijing, and all retired males who did underwent physical examinations were invited to enroll in the study. Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to assess mental health. Results In total, 1132 retired males aged 60 to 99 (mean:75.2 ± 9.5) years were included in the study. The mean SCL-90 score was 24.35 ± 23.2. The top three factors affecting the mental health of retired males were obsessive-compulsive symptom factors (9.3%),additional factors (8.1%) and somatic factors (7.8%). The SCL-90 factor score was significantly lower in this population than in populations of soldiers and the general population (P < 0.001), except for the physical factors score. Being divorced /widowed and having unbalanced diet or sleep disorders were risk factors for having mental health problems (OR: 1.44(95%CI:1.29-1.76),2.12 (95%CI:1.38-3.24) and 3.37 (95%CI:2.31-4.93), respectively); physical exercise was a protective factor for mental health (OR:0.58 (95%CI:0.31-0.86)). Conclusion The prevalence of mental problems in this retired male population is relatively low. Marital status,unbalanced diet,physical exercise and sleep disorder are related risk factors. Doctors should pay attention to populations with special problems, such as the widowed and those with sleep disorders; early measures should be taken to reduce the prevalence of serious psychological problems.
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