综合心理干预对职业暴露后护士情绪及应对方式的影响

摘要

目的 探讨综合心理干预对职业暴露后护士情绪及应对方式的影响.方法 将423名1周内有职业暴露史的护士,随机分为干预组212人和对照组211人;对干预组进行为期2个月的干预,包括心理咨询及疏导、职业暴露相关知识宣教及暴露后处理流程、追踪及监测;对暴露者进行工娱、文娱、音乐、生物反馈放松等干预;心理干预前后采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、应对方式问卷进行评定和对照研究.结果 综合干预后,干预组焦虑、抑郁评分均较干预前有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);应对方式问卷的解决问题、求助等积极应对因子分均有显著性提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而自责、幻想、回避等消极因子分均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 综合心理干预有助促进职业暴露后护士的心理健康水平和改善应对方式;对稳定护理队伍非常重要,应引起各医院领导的重视.%Objective To study the effect of comprehensive psychological intervention on the emotion and coping style of nurse. Methods 423 nurses were divided into experimental group and controlled group randomly after occupational exposure within one week;Psychological counseling, occupational exposure related knowledge education, post-exposure disposal process, follow-up, monitoring were applied in experimental group;Occupational and recreation activities, music, biofeedback relaxation were utilized on exposure;to evaluation and contrast before and after psychological intervention by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Selfrating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and coping style questionnaire. Results The score of anxiety and depress were lower than that before comprehensive psychological intervention in experimental group ( P ＜ 0.01 );the score of solution, asking for help in coping style questionnaire were remarkably raised( t = - 2.14, - 1.24;P ＜ 0.05 ).the score of passive factors such as self-reproach, autistic and avoidance dropped Conspicuously( t = 1.91,2.0,2.10 ;P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Comprehensive psychological intervention can improve mental health level and coping style of nurse after occupational exposure. It is important on the stability of nursing staff and should be thought highly by all leadership of hospital.