成都市武侯区社区护理人力资源及护士工作体验的纵向研究

摘要

Objective To identify human resource development of community nursing and the change of nurses′working experiences during the past 5 years in Wuhou district of Chengdu city, and provide references for the improvement of community nursing quality and the optimization of hunan resources allocation in communing nursing.Methods Longitudinal study was used, and questionnaires were delivered to 12 community health service centers and their nurses in 2010 and 2014. Nurses′working experience, the composition of human resources and the condition of community nursing human resources were investigated. Results Compared with 2010, the total number of working staff in community health service centers in 2014 was significantly increased ( the rate of increase was 31%) , and especially the number of community nurses ( the rate of increase was 61%) , there were 2-3 nurses for every 10 thousand people. In 2010 and 2014, the numbers of nurses with different educational backgrounds, professional titles, previous roles and working time in community health centers were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The scores of nurses′recognition in working experience were (3.70±0.51) and (3.54±0.50) in 2010 and 2014 (P=0.001). Conclusions The number of community nurses in Wuhou district has increased obviously. The number of nurses for every 10 thousand resident basically meets the national requirement. However, professional skills of nurses are not improved. Their working experiences are worse, especially the knowledge and skills are not enough for their works. Therefore, how to improve professional quality of community nurses is the key for sustainable development of community health care in Wuhou district.%目的：了解近5年来社区护理人力资源的发展状况及社区护士工作体验的变化状况,为优化社区护理人力资源配置,促进社区护理质量的改善提供实证依据。方法采用纵向调查的方式,分别在2010年和2014年,对成都市武侯区12个社区卫生服务中心的人力资源构成和社区护理人力资源状况及其工作体验进行问卷调查。结果与2010年比,2014年社区卫生服务机构员工总数明显增加(增长率为31%),尤其是社区护士数量增长显著(增长率为61%),每万居民配备社区护士数达到2~3名。两个时间点不同学历、职称、从事社区护理前的角色、社区护理工作年限的护士数量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；2010年和2014年护士对社区护理工作体验的认同度总分分别为(3.70±0.51)和(3.54±0.50)分,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论武侯区近年来社区护士数量显著增加,每万居民社区护士配备基本达到国家要求。但社区护士的专业素质提高不明显,其水平仍然很低。社区护士的工作体验更差,突出表现为感受到专业知识和技能不能满足工作需要。提高社区护士的专业素养是促进武侯区社区护理可持续发展的关键。