目前广泛用于人疫苗的铝盐佐剂诱导的细胞免疫较弱,对于某些新型疫苗来说佐剂活性较差,尤其是对相对分子质量小的多肽抗原几乎没有佐剂活性,不能完全满足新型疫苗发展的需要.cGAMP(cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate)是近来被发现的哺乳动物第二信使,该分子在固有免疫信号通路中发挥着重要的作用,可以提高疫苗的免疫原性,激活抗原提呈细胞,增强特异性T细胞应答,有望成为人类抵御传染病甚至是癌症的新一代疫苗佐剂.本文综述了目前疫苗佐剂的应用和现状,介绍了cGAMP的发现及作为疫苗佐剂的作用机制,重点阐述了其在传染病疫苗、皮内免疫、肿瘤免疫治疗等方面的相关研究进展,并指出cGAMP作为新型疫苗佐剂,将在传染病防御和肿瘤免疫治疗等领域具有广阔的前景.%Aluminum salts are the most popular adjuvants applied in human vaccines currently. However,they can′t achieve satisfying results in the development of novel vaccines because of the cellular immune responses induced by them are weak and their adjuvant activities for some novel vaccines are poor, especially in vaccination against peptide antigens with small molecular weight. cGAMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate) has recently been known as a mammalian second messenger, which plays an important role in the innate immune signaling pathway and is capable of boosting the immuno-genicity of vaccines,activating antigen-presenting cells and enhancing specific T cell responses. cGAMP is expected to become a new generation of vaccine adjuvants against infectious diseases and cancer. In this re-view,we summarize the application and current situation of vaccine adjuvants, describe the discovery of cGAMP and its mechanism as a vaccine adjuvant,and focus on the advances in using cGAMP in the fields of vaccination against infectious diseases, intradermal immunization and tumor immunotherapy. Finally, it is also pointed out that cGAMP,as a novel vaccine adjuvant,will have a broad prospect of application in areas such as anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-inflammatory and vaccines.
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