Objective To analyze the reasons for the withdrawal of the National Natural Science Foundation of China projects,adopt preventive measurements,to provide countermeasures for the project application and establish scientific integrity.Methods Search the official website of National Natural Science Foundation of China(http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/),and browse case processing decisions during the last five years,analyze the reasons for the withdrawal of projects and classify the scientific misconducts.Results We got 83 publicly accessible cases which involved 93 persons.There were 52 projects whose fund granting has been annulled,and 50 projects at the stage of application have been revoked due to scientific misconduct.The projects were withdrawn mainly due to the fraud peer review,accounting for 46.2％,the project applications were revoked mainly due to copying applications,accounting for 54.0％.Conclusions The countermeasures to prevent the scientific misconducts in the application process including:increase scientific research integrity propaganda;improve the construction of laws and regulations;improve the detection rate of scientific misconduct;give full play to the supervisory role of supporting institutions;increase the intensity of punishment;improve the selection and supervision system of experts;establish a credit management system during the whole process.%目的 分析国家自然科学基金项目被撤原因,采取防范措施,为基金项目申报及科研诚信建设提供建议.方法 通过检索国家自然科学基金委员会官方网站(http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/),浏览近五年的科研不端行为案件处理决定,分析基金项目被撤的原因并对其中的科研不端行为进行分类.结果 属于公开可查阅的处理案件共83份,其中涉及人数93人,有52项已立项的国家自然科学基金项目被撤,50项处在申请阶段的项目因存在科研不端行为而被撤销申请.其中项目被撤原因主要为项目相关的论文同行评审造假,占46.2％,项目申请被撤存在的科研不端行为主要为抄袭他人申请书,占54.0％.结论 针对项目申请中的科研不端行为,需要加强防范.包括:加大科研诚信宣传;完善基金管理条例规定;提高不端行为检出率;充分发挥依托单位的监督作用;健全惩戒机制;完善评审专家遴选、监督制度;建立科研项目全过程诚信管理制度等.
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