循证健康教育对精神分裂症患者日常生活能力及护理满意度的影响

摘要

目的 探讨采用循证健康教育对提高患者日常生活能力及护理满意度的影响.方法 将纳入研究的80名精神分裂症患者随机分为对照组(40人)和试验组(40人).对照组患者按常规方法进行健康教育.针对试验组,通过循证支持提出问题,收集相关文献及证据,结合患者实际情况,制定个体化健康宣教方案,并在实践过程中根据健康教育效果及时调整方案.每周对两组患者采用日常生活能力量表、阳性及阴性症状量表进行评定;两组患者出院时接受问卷调查,内容包括疾病相关知识了解情况、健康教育方式满意度、最满意护士填写情况.采用SPSS 18.0,组间数据比较行t检验、或Z检验、或卡方检验.结果 实施循证健康教育后,试验组患者第二周开始,PANSS量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);试验组患者在第三周的ADL量表评分达到正常水平,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).问卷结果显示,出院时试验组患者的疾病相关知识平均得分和对健康教育方式的平均评分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在最满意护士填写方面,试验组患者参与率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x2=16.56,P=0.000).结论 对精神分裂症患者实施循证健康教育,可有效改善患者日常生活能力、提高其对疾病相关知识的掌握度及护理满意度.%Objective To study the influence of evidence-based health education in improving the ability of daily life and nursing satisfaction of patients.Methods A total of 80 schizophrenic patients were randomly divided into a control group (40 persons) and an experimental group (40 persons).The health education of routine ways was adopted on the control group.As for the experimental group,we posed questions,collected related literature and evidence through evidence-based support,set the health education based on the actual situation for individual and adjusted flexibly according to the affect of the health education during practice process.Two groups of patients were assessed by daily activity scale,positive and negative symptom scale weekly.We use questionnaire to compare with the satisfaction of two groups for patients when they left hospitals,including the disease-related knowledge,the satisfaction of the ways of the health education,the satisfaction of nurses.Using SPSS 18.0,the data between two groups were compared by t test,or Z test,or chi square test.Results After the implementation of evidence-based health education,the experimental group started at the second week,the PANSS scale score was lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The score of experimental group'ADL scale compared with control group reached normal level in the third week and had statistic significance,P＜0.05.The questionnaire results showed that the average score of disease related knowledge and the average score of health education methods were higher in the experimental group than in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the evaluation of the most satisfactory nurses,patients' satisfaction in experimental group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=16.56,P=0.000).Conclusion The implementation of evidence-based health education for patients with schizophrenia can effectively improve their daily living ability,improve their mastery of disease-related knowledge and satisfaction with nursing.