慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并原发性支气管肺癌118例临床特征分析

摘要

背景与目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)合并原发性支气管肺癌的临床特征,以便临床早期诊断COPD合并原发性支气管肺癌患者.方法 回顾性分析我院2013年1月-2016年12月118例COPD合并原发性支气管肺癌患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、吸烟史、吸烟指数、临床症状及体征、病理类型、分期、转移部位及肺功能指标,选择同时期的120例单纯性COPD患者作为对照.结果 COPD合并肺癌组患者吸烟率(55.1%)及吸烟指数≥400支/年患者比例(90.8%)均高于单纯COPD组患者(20.8%,48.0%),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);COPD合并肺癌组患者常见症状如咳嗽、咳痰、发热、乏力、呼吸困难发生率与单纯COPD组患者相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),而咯血、消瘦、胸痛、声音嘶哑、胸腔积液、肺不张发生率均显著高于单纯COPD组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);COPD合并肺癌组患者首次诊断时63.6%为晚期或局部晚期,远处转移以胸膜转移和骨转移多见;两组患者之间第一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)与用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)比值(FEV1/FVC)、FEV1占预计值的百分比(FEV1%pre)、肺总量(total lung capacity,TLC)、残气容积(residual volume,RV)与TLC的比值(RV/TLC)无明显差异(P>0.05),但COPD合并肺癌组患者的一氧化碳弥散量(diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide,DLCO)较单纯COPD组患者降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);COPD合并肺癌组患者病理类型以鳞癌最多见(51.7%),其中男性患者以鳞癌(60.7%)为主,而女性患者以腺癌(69.0%)为主.结论 COPD合并原发性支气管肺癌好发于男性吸烟患者,鳞癌发生率高,早期临床表现缺乏特异性,首次诊断时多为晚期或局部晚期,定期对COPD患者行胸部CT检查可以尽早发现肺癌.%Background and objective The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to opti-mize the early diagnoses in the coexistence of COPD and primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 118 patients with COPD complicated with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, smoking history, smoking index, clinical symptoms and signs, pathological type, staging, metastasis site and lung func-tion index. 120 patients with simple COPD were selected as control.Results The smoking rate (55.1%) and smoking index ≥400 branch /year (90.8%) of the patients with COPD complicated with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma were higher than the simple COPD group (20.8%, 48.0%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the incidence of common symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever, fatigue and dyspnea in COPD complicated with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma patients with simple COPD group (P>0.05), while the in-cidence of hemoptysis, weight loss, chest pain, hoarseness, pleural effusion and atelectasis were significantly higher than those in simple COPD group (P<0.01). When the patients were first diagnosed as COPD with primary bronchopulmonary carcino-ma, 63.6% of the group were advanced or located late, and the distant metastases are common for pleural metastasis and bone metastases. There was no significant difference in forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC),FEV1% pre, total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV)/TLC between the two groups (P>0.05), but the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) of COPD patients complicated with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma was lower than that of simple COPD patients (P<0.05) . In the COPD patients with primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common pathological type (51.7%). Male patients were mainly squamous cell carcinoma (60.7%), while female patients with adenocarcinoma (69.0%).Conclusion COPD combined with primary bronchopulmonary carci-noma occurs in male smokers more. There is higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. When they are first diagnosed, most of them are advanced or located late, due to no specific clinical symptoms at the early stages. Periodic chest CT examination for COPD patients can help early diagnoses of primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma.