2013至2017年11641例患者常见过敏原流行特征分析

摘要

目的 分析常见过敏原检测结果及其流行特征,为过敏性疾病诊疗提供有价值的参考依据.方法 该研究为回顾性数据收集研究,收集2013至2017年在北京大学第一医院进行过敏原检查患者11 641例,按照年龄、季节和年度等统计各过敏原阳性率,分析流行特征和变化趋势.结果 共收集总IgE检测数据20 636项次,过敏原特异性IgE检测数据45 620项次,总IgE阳性率达47.8％(9 874/20 636);吸入性过敏原阳性率前3位依次为粉尘螨(28.1％,509/1 812)、户尘螨(26.8％,503/1 876)和艾蒿(24.7％,240/971);食物过敏原阳性率前3位依次为鸡蛋(17.3％,188/1 088)、牛奶(16.7％,186/1 114)和小麦(15.3％,127/829).吸入性过敏原(以吸入物筛查phad为例)的阳性率逐年升高,食物过敏原(以常见食物混合组fx5为例)的阳性率在2015年达到最高(16.3％,511/3 139),近两年呈现下降趋势(2016年13.0％,571/4 396;2017年7.4％,330/4461).吸入性过敏原中,各种杂草花粉在秋季阳性率明显升高.混合霉菌和尘螨的阳性率在夏季升高较明显.食物过敏原随季节变化不明显.结论 本研究在一定程度上反映了过敏性疾病患者的过敏原分布特征,为过敏性疾病的防治提供了流行病学资料和临床依据.%Objectives In order to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases,the prevalence and trend changes of common allergens in Beijing were investigated and analyzed.Methods This study was a retrospective data collection study.A total of 11 641 patients with allergen examinations were collected from Peking University First Hospital from 2013 to 2017.The positive rate of each allergen was counted according to age,season and year.The epidemiological characteristics and trends were analyzed.Results In the past five years,20 636 total IgE and 45 620 allergen-specific IgE were collected,and the total positive rate of total IgE was 47.8％ (9 874/20 636).The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farina (28.1％,509/1 812),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (26.8％,503/1 876) and Mugwort (24.7％,240/971).The top three positive rates of food allergen were egg (17.3％,188/10 88),milk (16.7％,186/1 114) and wheat (15.3％,127/829).The positive rate of inhaled allergens (phad as an example) increased year by year.The positive rate of food allergens (fx5 as an example) reached its peak in 2015 (16.3％,511/3 139) and decreased slightly in the last two years (2016:13.0％,571/ 4 396;2017:7.4％,330/4 461).In inhaled allergens,the positive rate of weed pollen increased significantly in autumn.The positive rates of mx2 and dust mites were higher in summer.Food allergen did not change significantly with the seasons.Conclusions This study shown the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases to a certain extent.It provided epidemiological data and clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.