基于信号放大技术的 miRNA 检测方法的研究进展

摘要

MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of endogenous single -stranded non-coding RNA, which regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by combining with the target mRNA and play a vital role in biological and pathological processes including the growth of organism , metabolic regulation, disease prediction and intervention.Thus miRNA detection is of considerable significance in disease diagnosis and the research of miRNA function.Because of the restriction factors about miRNA itself such as short sequence, low abundance and highly homologous , traditional methods for miRNA detection cannot meet the current demands due to the limitations like unsatisfactory sensitivity and complicated operation .This review summarizes the newly development about signal amplification -based methods for miRNA, including the advantages and limitations of all kinds of novel methods , and highlights the future trends as well.%MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类内源性的单链非编码 RNA，其可通过与靶 mRNA 结合发挥基因转录后调控作用，在生物体的生长发育、代谢调控等生理过程及疾病预测与干预方面起着重要的作用。因此，miRNA 的检测在疾病诊断以及生物学的功能分析方面意义重大。但由于 miRNA 具有序列短、丰度低以及同源性高等自身限制因素，使得一些传统的检测方法存在灵敏度欠佳、操作复杂等不足，因而无法满足当前需求。本文阐释了近年来基于信号放大技术的 miRNA 检测方法的最新研究，对各类新型改良检测技术的优缺点进行了分析。