目的：探讨青年女性急性心肌梗死患者的临床和冠状动脉造影特点。方法入选2007年至2012年于北京协和医院诊断为急性心肌梗死并行冠状动脉造影的青年女性（年龄18～44岁）共24例，选取同时期急性心肌梗死并行冠状动脉造影的老年女性（年龄≥65岁）70例为对照组，回顾性分析并比较其临床和冠状动脉造影的情况。结果24例患者中有9例证实为非动脉粥样硬化性心肌梗死，较15例动脉粥样硬化性心肌梗死的青年女性患者年龄更小、体质量指数（BMI）更低、传统的冠心病危险因素较少（P均＜0.05），冠状动脉造影显示无病变和主干病变较多（P均＜0.05）。动脉粥样硬化性心肌梗死的青年女性患者中8例（53.3%）合并2个以上的传统危险因素。与老年心肌梗死女性相比，青年心肌梗死女性传统的冠心病危险因素个数较少，入院时的收缩压、空腹血糖、血肌酸酐、总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平较低；冠状动脉造影显示单支病变更多见（P均＜0.05）。结论青年女性急性心肌梗死时需要考虑非动脉粥样硬化因素。动脉粥样硬化性心肌梗死的青年女性患者较老年女性心肌梗死患者的危险因素少，冠状动脉病变以单支为主。%Objective To investigate the clinical features of young female patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods A total of 24 consecutive AMI female patients (age≤44 years) who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively retrieved from the database, and 70 AMI patients whose age ≥ 65 years and who also underwent coronary angiography were enrolled as a control (elderly) group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. Results Of the 24 young female AMI patients, MI from non-atherosclerosis was identiifed in 9 patients (non-ATS group). Compared to the remaining 15 young female AMI patients (ATS-group), non-ATS group was younger (P<0.05), with lower BMI (P<0.05) and less traditional risk factors of coronary heart disease (P<0.05). Coronary angiography showed more normal artery (P<0.05) and lesions on left main (P<0.05). However, when compared to the elderly group, the young female ATS-group was associated with less hypertension (P<0.01), smoking (P<0.05), traditional risk factors (P<0.01) and lower level of blood pressure (P<0.05), fasting glucose (P<0.05), serum creatine (P<0.01), TC (P<0.05), and LDL-C (P<0.01) at admission. Coronary angiography showed single vessel disease was the most common lesion. Conclusions Acute myocardial infarction in young female might be caused by non-atherosclerosis. Those due to atherosclerosis differ in coronary risk factors and angiographic features from the elderly female AMI patients.
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