急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者靶血管非梗死相关病变处理策略选择及预后

摘要

Objective To asess the primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) strategies of culprit vessel with two lesions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients and their prognosis.Methods The study retrospectively reviewed 418 patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region from January 1st to June 30th in 2015 and 75 patients were included. According to whether the non-infarct-related lesions(N-IRL) being treated or not,the patients were identified as both IRL and N-IRL being treated(the research group,n=33) or the culprit lesion(or infarct-related lesion,IRL) being treated only(control group,n=42). The endpoint was major adverse cardiocascular event(MACE) which was a composite of death from cardiac causes,nonfatal myocardial infarction,target vessel revascularization(TVR) and hospitalization with angina or heart failure.Results The study endpoint betwwen the two groups showed no statistical differences in MACE(P=0.446). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, diameter of N-IRL were predictive factors of MACE. When N-IRL located beyond the culprit lesion, the research group showed higher risk of MACE(P=0.022) and TVR(P=0.039).Conclusions The non-infarct-related lesions of patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI may be left for conventional medical treatment. It may be reasonable to choose drug therapy for distal N-IRL and to choose PCI for proximal N-IRL.%目的 对靶血管存在非梗死相关(non-infarct related lesions,N-IRL)病变的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者的直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)策略及临床预后进行研究.方法回顾2015年1月至2015年6月在沈阳军区总医院接受直接PCI的STEMI患者418例,符合入选标准的患者共75例.根据N-IRL是否行PCI进行分组:研究组在处理梗死相关病变(infarct-related lesion,IRL)的同时干预N-IRL,共33例;对照组仅干预IRL,共42例.研究终点为主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE),包括心源性死亡、非致死性急性心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建(target vessel revascularization,TVR)、再住院(复发心绞痛和心力衰竭).结果研究组患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)[43.16±6.88)mm比(46.24±3.48)mm,P=0.014]低于对照组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)[(62.47±5.31)％比(59.07±6.87)％,P=0.022)]高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;两组患者其他基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).研究组N-IRL位于IRL近端比例(57.6％比33.3％,P=0.036)、平均置入支架数[(1.88±0.66)枚比(1.07±0.26)枚,P<0.001]、平均使用支架总长度[(51.41±19.15)mm比(25.45±9.48)mm,P<0.001]及平均对比剂用量[(140.61±45.41)ml比(119.05±35.32)ml,P=0.024]均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;而其他PCI相关临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).两组患者术后可疑的对比剂诱导的急性肾损伤(CIAKI)和卒中发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).两组患者的MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.446);其中心源性死亡、TVR及再住院的风险比比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).单因素Cox回归分析发现,年龄(HR 1.07,95％CI 1.01～1.12,P=0.019)、前壁心肌梗死(HR 4.10,95％CI 1.26～13.33,P=0.019)、N-IRL血管直径(HR 0.19,95％CI 0.06～0.60,P=0.004)、左主干(LM)或左前降支(LAD)近段病变(HR 3.01,95％CI 1.01～8.96,P=0.048)为MACE的预测因素.多因素Cox回归分析显示,年龄(HR 1.07,95％CI 1.01～1.13,P=0.015)、N-IRL血管直径(HR 0.25,95％CI 0.08～0.86,P=0.027)依然为MACE的预测因素.以N-IRL位于IRL远端为亚组A,亚组A中研究组MACE(HR 0.20,95％CI 0.05～0.80,P=0.022)和TVR(HR 0.10,95％CI 0.01～0.89,P=0.039)的风险高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;亚组A中两组患者心源性死亡和再住院的风险比比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).以N-IRL位于IRL近端为亚组B,亚组B中两组患者MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.198).结论对于IRL远端的N-IRL,选择药物治疗是合理的;对于IRL近端的N-IRL,必要时行PCI可能是合理的.