目的：探讨万古霉素血药浓度监测对老年患者治疗的临床意义及与不良反应的关系。方法收集四川省人民医院急诊内科收治的32例70岁以上住院患者的病历资料，患者入院后根据诊断及辅助检查给予以头孢哌酮+舒巴坦或莫西沙星，重症感染患者给予碳青霉烯类抗菌药物静脉滴注（静滴）；治疗3～5d后效果不佳者，根据血、痰、分泌物、导管的病原学培养结果，提示感染菌为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）为主的阳性菌属，同时对万古霉素敏感时更换为万古霉素或联用万古霉素治疗，给药方法为万古霉素1g加入生理盐水250 mL静滴，12 h给药1次，滴速为10 mg/min，不超过15 mg/min。观察其肝脏、肾脏、听力损害的发生情况，分析万古霉素血药浓度与不良反应的相关性。结果不良反应在不同万古霉素血清谷浓度老年患者中的总发生率为37.50%（12/32），其中肾脏损害发生率最高为18.75%（6/32）；其次是听力损害为9.38%（3/32）、肝脏损害为9.38%（3/32）。不同万古霉素谷浓度水平（＜10、10～20、＞20 mg/L）患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔分别为37.50%（6/16）、38.46%（5/13）、33.33%（1/3），均P＞0.05〕，随着万古霉素血药浓度的增加，不良反应发生率并无增加趋势。32例入选老年患者中有13例联用其他抗菌药物治疗，联用率为40.63%。在联合用药患者中发生肝脏损害的有2例（占11.83%）、肾脏损害1例（占7.69%），无听力损害患者，联合用药与不良反应的发生无相关性（r＝0.15，P＞0.05）。结论在年龄大于70岁的老年患者中，万古霉素的肾脏损害发生率较高；血药浓度的监测对老年患者在临床上使用万古霉素具有指导意义。%Objective To discuss the clinical significance of vancomycin plasma concentration monitoring and its relationship with adverse reactions in treatment of elderly patients. Methods The clinical records of 32 patients aged over 70 years admitted in the Emergency Medical Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were collected. Based on the diagnosis and laboratory examinations on admission, the patients were treated with cefoperazone+sulbactam or moxifloxacin, while in patients with severe infections, intravenous drip of carbapenem antibacterial drugs were given. After treatment for 3-5 days, when no effective results were obtained, according to the pathogenic results achieved from cultures of blood, sputum, secretions, catheter, etc, the corresponding treatment was given. If the infection was caused by positive bacteria mainly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sensitive to vancomycin, the original antibiotic was replaced by vancomycin or vancomycin combined with other antibiotic; intravenous drip of vancomycin 1 g in 250 mL normal saline was given, once in 12 hours, with a speed of 10 mg/min or not over 15 mg/min. The function of liver and kidney, and auditory impairment were observed, and the correlation between vancomycin plasma concentration and adverse reactions was analyzed. Results The total incidence of adverse reactions in elderly patients with different serum vancomycin trough concentrations was 37.50%(12/32) in which the highest incidence was kidney damage 18.75%(6/32) followed by the hearing loss 9.38%(3/32) and liver damage 9.38%(3/32). There were no statistical significant differences in the rates of adverse reactions among the different vancomycin trough concentrations (<10, 10-20,>20 mg/L) and [37.50%(6/16), 38.46%(5/13), 33.33%(1/3), all P>0.05], that meant along with the increase of vancomycin concentration, no tendency of increment of adverse reactions was seen. Of the 32 cases, there were 13 treated by vancomycin combined with other antibiotic, the combination rate being 40.63%. There were 2 cases of hepatic impairment (11.83%), 1 case of renal impairment (7.69%) and none hearing damage in patients treated with combination of antibiotic therapy. Therefore no correlation was concluded between the occurrence of adverse reactions and the combination therapy ( r=0.15, P>0.05). Conclusions In elderly patients over the age of 70 years, there is a higher incidence of kidney damage in the application of vancomycin. Thus, the monitoring of vancomycin plasma concentration in elderly patients has instructive significance in its clinical use.
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