评价泊沙康唑预防血液系统疾病患者粒细胞缺乏期侵袭性真菌病的效果

摘要

目的 评价泊沙康唑作为血液系统疾病患者粒细胞缺乏期侵袭性真菌病(IFD)预防用药的疗效和安全性.方法 通过回顾性分析北京某院2014-2015年18例血液系统疾病患者在粒细胞缺乏期应用泊沙康唑单药预防IFD的病历,评价其疗效和安全性.结果 18例患者中,预防用药期间无1例出现临床诊断或确诊IFD,无1例因严重不良反应停用泊沙康唑.2例急性髓系白血病(AML)患者因肺部感染死亡,其中1例在预防用药第12天痰培养出嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,另1例在预防用药第14天痰培养出大肠埃希菌.其余患者均坚持预防用药至粒细胞计数恢复,随访至预防用药100 d后无死亡.预防用药期间最低外周血中性粒细胞计数为(0.00～0.27)×109/L,中位数为0.02×109/L;泊沙康唑预防用药持续时间为8～27 d,中位数为16 d;无IFD突破以及合并全身性使用其他抗真菌药者,100日内全因死亡2例(11.1％);未出现2级及以上肝功能异常、2级及以上肾功能异常以及QTc延长等不良反应.结论 应用泊沙康唑预防该组血液系统疾病患者粒细胞缺乏期IFD有效,也未出现严重不良反应.%Objective To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy and safety of posaconazole against invasive fungal disease(IFD)in hematologic patients with neutropenia.Methods Medical records of 18 hematologic patients with neutropenia received posaconazole for preventing IFD in a Beijing hospital between 2014 and 2015,the efficacy and safety was evaluated.Results There was no clinical diagnosis or confirmed diagnosis of IFD among 18 patients during posaconazole prophylaxis period,none of patients stopped posaconazole due to severe adverse reaction.Two patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML) died of pulmonary infection,1 of whom isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from sputum culture on the 12th day of posaconazole prophylaxis,the other isolated Escherichia coli from sputum culture on the 14th day of posaconazole prophylaxis.Other patients all adherence to posaconazole prophylaxis until granulocyte count recovered,patients were followed up until 100 days medication,no death occurred.The lowest peripheral neutrophil count was(0.00-0.27) x 109/L during posaconazole prophylaxis period,with the median of 0.02 x 109/L;the duration of posaconazole prophylaxis was 8-27days,with the median of 16 days;among patients without IFD breakthrough or received systemic use of other antifungal agents,there were 2 (11.1％) all-cause death within 100 days;there were no adverse reaction,such as liver function abnormalities≥grade 2 and kidney function abnormalities≥grade 2,as well as QTc prolongation.Conclusion Posaconazole is effective for preventing IFD in hematologic patients with neutropenia,adverse reaction is rare.