贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养状况对智力发育的影响研究

摘要

目的 分析贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养状况与智力发育的关系.方法 对广西、甘肃4个贫困县404名5岁以下儿童进行问卷调查,神经心理发育测验,体格测量,血样检测.按发育商水平将调查对象分为智力正常和智力低下两组,分析比较两组儿童的社会人口学因素、贫血率、血中微量营养素水平的差异.对发育商与生长发育指标做相关性分析.结果 404名5岁以下儿童的智力低下率为12.62%.两组儿童间父亲文化程度和母亲文化程度的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),智力低下组儿童父母文化程度水平较智力正常组低.智力低下组儿童血浆维生素A水平(232.5±117.89 ng/mL)明显低于智力正常组(286.64±107.46 ng/mL,P<0.05).年龄别身高Z评分(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(WAZ)均与发育商呈显著性正相关,相关系数分别为0.1558(P<0.05)和0.1495(P<0.05).结论 5岁以下儿童智力发育与营养状况有关,应通过营养教育、营养改善等措施提高父母知识水平,促进儿童正常生长发育,提高体内微量营养素水平.%Objective To analyze the relationship of nutritional status and intelligence development of children under 5 years old in poverty areas. Methods 404 children under 5 years old from 4 counties of Guangxi and Gansu provinces were concluded as subjects. Questionnaire survey, neuropsychological examination, physical examination and biochemical tests were conducted in the survey. According to the development quotient ( DQ), children were divided into normal mental group and mental retardation group, which were compared in the following aspects: social demographic factors,anemia rate and micronutrients levels in blood. Results Mental retardation rate of 404 children was 12. 62％. Distribution of parental education levels were significantly different in the two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), which indicated that parents of children in mental retardation group had lower education levels. Plasma vitamin a was lower in mental retardation group (232. 5 ± 117.89 ng/mL ) than normal mental group ( 286.64 ±107.46 ng/mL, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were significant positive correlation between HAZ and DQ, as well as WAZ and DQ, whose correlation coefficient were 0. 1558 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and 0. 1495 ( P ＜ 0. 05) respectively. Conclusion Nutritional status of children under 5 years old played an important role in their intelligence development, which needed nutritional education and nutrition improvements to enhance parental knowledge levels, promote children's normal growth and improve micronutrient levels in vivo.