健康教育对小学生用眼习惯改变的影响

摘要

目的 探讨1年的科学用眼健康教育对青少年用眼习惯改变的影响,为制定有针对性的视力干预方案提供依据.方法 本次干预的对象为武汉市黄陂区16所小学的4800名学生.采取的干预方式为建立小学生视力档案、进行健康教育讲座和发放《小学生视力防控指南》宣传册.在干预前后,分别采用自制的问卷调查学生的用眼习惯.运用SPSS 22.0和Mplus 7.4进行统计分析,主要运用潜在转换模型分析.结果 共有3580名学生参与了本研究,干预前表现差,干预后用眼习惯变好有1044人(29.16％);干预前表现好,干预后反而变差仅有5人;干预前后用眼习惯均差的有1071人(29.92％);干预前后均表现好为1460人(40.78％).体重指数和年龄与干预效果呈反比;干预效果好的学生主要为城市的、普通学校和周末不参加辅导班的学生(P＜0.05).结论 视力健康教育能有效改善小学生的不良用眼习惯,超重和肥胖的学生干预效果要差于体重正常的学生.%Objective To explore the effect of one year'health education on eye habits among young people,and to provide basis for the development of targeted vision intervention program.Methods The object of this intervention was 4800 students in 16 primary schools in Huangpi District of Wuhan City.The intervention activities included the establishment of juvenile vision files,health education seminars and the issuance of " Youth vision prevention and control guide"brochure.Self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the students' eye habits before and after the intervention.SPSS 22.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for statistical analysis,mainly using the Potential Conversion Model analysis.Results A total of 3580 students participated in the study.They were divided into four subcategories by their behaviors:1044 students (29.16％) who had poor performance before the intervention and their eye habits became better after the intervention;5students who performed well before the intervention while their ey habits became bad after the intervention;1071 students (29.92％) who bad habits and none of the changes before and after the intervention;1460 people (40.78％) who had good eye habits and no changes.BMI and age were negative related to the effect of intervention.The well-matched population was characterized by pupils,urban students,general schools and students who did not attend remedial classes on weekends (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The visual health education can effectively improve bad eye habit of primary and middle school students,and the effect of intervention of primary school students is better than that of middle school students.The effect of overweight and obesity students is worse than that of normal weight students.