城市社区老年人肺炎疫苗接种影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解城市社区老年人肺炎疫苗接种情况及其影响因素,对老年人预防接种工作提出建议.方法 分层随机抽样广州市和深圳市社区老年人2800人,对其进行肺炎疾病和肺炎疫苗的认知和接种情况调查,并采用Logistic回归方法分析影响因素.结果 实际调查2791人,有效调查2588人,有效应答率为92.7％.40％的老年人了解过肺炎疫苗相关知识;了解肺炎疫苗知识的主要途径为医生(24.4％)、电视/广播(19.7％)、家人或亲戚朋友(11.3％)等;16.5％的老年人对肺炎疫苗的作用认识正确;16.8％的老年人认为有必要接种疫苗;累计接种率为4.3％ (110/2588).分性别、地区、年龄组的接种率差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).影响接种疫苗的因素为:是否接种过流感疫苗(OR=1.863,95％ CI:1.078 ～3.220)、是否认为有必要接种(OR=1.822,95％CI:1.048～3.167)、家人或亲戚朋友中是否有人接种过(OR=1.945,95％CI:1.152～3.285)、家人或亲戚朋友中是否有人推荐过(OR=3.571,95％ CI:1.922～6.635)、是否有医生推荐过接种疫苗(OR=2.608,95％ CI:1.523～4.464).结论 城市社区老年人肺炎疫苗的接种率很低,有较大的提升空间;健康教育能促进疫苗接种.抓住关键影响因素,积极开展老年人预防接种工作可以作为实现健康老龄化的重要措施.%Objective To estimate vaccination coverage status of pneumococcal vaccine and its influencing factors among elderly persons in urban community,and to provide suggestions on vaccination work for the elderly.Methods The designed sample size was 2800 elderly persons aged 60-75 years old in urban communities from Baiyun District in Guangzhou and Nanshan District in Shenzhen.Their basic demographic information,health related life styles,knowledge about pneumonia and pneumococcal vaccine,and vaccination history were investigated.The SPSS 13.0,x2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results 2791 elderly persons finished the survey and 2588 questionnaires were analyzed,the effective response rate was 92.7％.Of the 2588,40％ knew pneumococcal vaccine.Their ways to get the knowledge about pneumococcal vaccine included by doctors (24.4％),by TV/Broadcast (19.7％),or by the family,the relatives and friends (11,3％).16.5％ of them knew the effect of the vaccine correctly and 16.8％ recognized that the vaccination was necessary.The accumulative vaccination coverage rate was 4.3％ (110/2588).The factors associate with vaccination included immunization history of influenza vaccine (OR =1.863,95％ CI:1.078-3.220),recognizing the necessary of vaccination (OR =1.822,95％ CI:1.048-3.167),immunization history of their family member,relatives or friends (OR =1.945,95％ CI:1.152-3.285),vaccination recommendation from their family member,relatives or friends (OR =3.571,95％ CI:1.922-6.635),vaccination recommendation by doctor (OR =2.608,95％ CI:1.523 -4.464).Conclusion The vaccination coverage rate was very low among the elderly persons in urban community and it could be enhanced.Health education may have positive effect on vaccination.Based on the main related factors to conduct vaccination maybe an important way to improve quality of life among elderly persons.