急性肺动脉栓塞15例治疗体会

摘要

Objective To summarize the experience on treatment for 15 cases of acute pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods Fifteen acute PE patients admitted from June 2009 to May 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were diagnosed as PE and deep vein thrombosis,and treated with placement of inferior vena caval filters(IVC).Five patients with main pulmonary artery embolism accepted intrapulmonary arterial interventional therapy of thrombus fragmenlation and suction and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT).Ten patients with embolization on pulmonary artery branch and acute iliofemoral vein thrombus accepted therapy of peripheral thrombolysis.During postoperative course improvement was observed on the clinical symptoms,occurrence of complications,Miller index,change of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PO2),as well as the patency of pulmonary artery.Result Five main pulmonary artery embolization patients gained complete patency of pulmonsnary artery,and the clinical symptoms immediately improved.Miller index reduced from (0.51 ± 0.04) to (0.27 ± 0.38),mPAP decreased from (55.3 ± 3.1 ) mm Hg to ( 32.7 ± 2.2 ) mm Hg,and PO2 elevated from ( 40 ±3 ) mm Hg to ( 63 ± 4) mm Hg,showing a significant difference ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Ten patients with pulmonary artery branch embolization gained patency of pulmonary artery branch,iliofemoral venous thrombosis cleared,and clinical symptoms significantly improved.All patients recovered after two weeks of intravenous thrombolytic,anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.During three to twelve months' follow up,the therapeutic effects persisted and there was no recurrence.Conclusions Emergency intrapulmonary arterial interventional therapy of acute PE has remarkable effectiveness,safety and feasibility,improving pulmonary obstruction and clinical symptoms.%目的 总结急性肺动脉栓塞的介入治疗经验,提高其疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年5月收治的15例急性肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,所有患者均有急性下肢深静脉血栓,先行下腔静脉滤器置入术,其后5例肺动脉主干栓塞者行肺动脉碎栓吸栓及置管溶栓,10例肺动脉分支栓塞者于髂股静脉内置入溶栓导管行外周及肺动脉同时溶栓,术后观察临床症状改善情况、并发症、Miller指数、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)与动脉血氧分压(PO2)的变化,以及肺动脉开通情况.结果 5例肺动脉主干栓塞者主干血管完全开通,症状即刻缓解,Miller指数从(0.51±0.04)降至(0.27 ±0.38),mPAP从(55.3±3.1) mmHg降至(32.7 ±2.2) mmHg,PO2从(40±3) mm Hg上升到(63±4) mm Hg,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).10例外周导管溶栓患者栓塞的分支肺动脉部分开通,髂股静脉的血栓大部分被清除,临床症状明显缓解,术后均给予溶栓、抗凝、抗血小板聚集等治疗.本组随访13例,随访3 ～12个月,平均(8±3)个月,疗效持续,未见复发.结论 急诊肺动脉介入治疗能迅速改善急性肺栓塞肺循环梗阻状况,减轻临床症状,疗效显著,安全可行.