云南元江少数民族酒精性肝病流行病学调查

摘要

目的 了解云南元江县四个民族饮酒与酒精性肝病的关系.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,对调查人群(年龄≥15岁)进行问卷调查、体格检查、腹部超声检查和血液生化分析.结果 四个民族的1690份有效问卷中:①平均饮酒年限比较:哈尼族、傣族＞汉族＞彝族；②肥胖率汉族最高,哈尼族次之,彝族最低(P＜0.001),高血压患病率的比较无差异(P＞0.05)；③饮酒易引起血小板(PLT)和平均红细胞体积(MCV)升高,但PLT升高的阳性率比较无差异(P＞0.05)；④肝脏血生化检查中,AST和GGT升高,而ALT、ALP、TG的影响无差异；共检出ALD 84例(4.97％).ALD的患病率分别为哈尼族6.84％、彝族4.90％、傣族4.72％、汉族4.48％.结论 云南元江县少数民族平均饮酒年限高于汉族,更易患ALD,其中彝族对酒精耐受力最低,敏感性最高；肥胖是ALD的危险因素之一；常年饮酒能使PLT、AST、GGT和MCV升高.ALD的发生与肥胖、种族、饮酒年限密切相关.%Objective To investigate the relationship between alcohol intake and alcoholic liver disease in 4 ethnic groups of Yuanjiang county in Yunnan China. Methods 1690 subjects over 15 years old were selected by radom cluster sampling for questionnaires about alcohol consumption, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonic scan and blood biochemical analysis. Result ① The average alcohol intake period of the four ethnic groups were Hani, Dai > Han > Yi; ② The obesity rate of Han was the highest, followed by Hani, and Yi had the lowest rate (P <0.001 ) ; the incidence of hypertention among 4 ethnic groups showed no statistical difference; ③ Alcohol intake increased PLT and MCV; ④ The hepatic biochemical analysis indicated increased AST and GTT, with no statistical difference of the positive rate of ALT, ALP and TG. 84 cases with ALD were diagnosed in this series (4. 97% ). The incidence of ALD were Hani (6.84% ) ,Yi(4. 90% ) , Dai(4.72% ) and Han(4.48% ). Conclusion The average year alcohol intake in minority groups of Yuanjiang county in Yunnan is higher than that in Han, they are more likely to suffer from ALD, and Yi has the lowest tolerance and the highest sensitivity to alcohol. Obesity is one of the dangerious factors of ALD. Long-term alcohol addiction can increase PLT, AST, GGT and MCV. The incidence of ALD is closely related to obesity, ethnic groups and drinking time.