间歇无氧运动对正常体重及超重哮喘患儿呼吸功能和运动能力的影响对比研究

摘要

Objective To observe the effects of interval anaerobic training on respiratory function and motor ability of asthma children with normal weight and overweight, and to provide the theoretic evidence for special exercise prescription for them. Method 2640 children with asthma in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2017 were selected as the subjects. According to the body mass index (BMI) they were classified into overweight group (BMI>24 kg/m2, n=1176) and normal weight group (BMI≤24 kg/m2, n=1464). Both of the two groups conducted 8 weeks interval anaerobic training. Before and after training, the change of the respiratory function and the exercise performance were recorded. The changes of respiratory function and motor ability, anaerobic exercise training and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after training. Result There were no significant differences in training completion rate and incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2=0.346, P=0.852; χ2=2.711, P=0.100). Compared with before training, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), the peak power (PP), the mean power (MP) and the fatigue index (FI) in the two groups was significantly higher (P<0.05). The PEF and FI in normal weight group were significantly higher than normal weight group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC before and after training (P>0.05). Conclusion Interval anaerobic training can significantly improve the respiratory function and motor ability of asthmatic children, the effect is more obvious for the children with normal weight, and it has higher security.%目的 探究间歇无氧运动对正常体重及超重哮喘患儿呼吸功能和运动能力的影响,为制订针对性的运动处方提供依据.方法 选取2015年1月至2017年10月于本院就诊的2640例哮喘患儿为研究对象,根据体质指数(body mass index, BMI)将入选患儿分为超重组(BMI>24 kg/m2,1176例)和正常体重组(BMI≤24 kg/m2,1464例),均进行8周间歇无氧运动.比较两组患儿运动前后呼吸功能和运动能力的变化、无氧运动训练情况及不良反应发生情况.结果 两组患儿训练完成率及不良反应发生率比较均无显著差异(χ2=0.346,P=0.852;χ2=2.711,P=0.100).与训练前比较,两组患儿训练后呼气流量峰值(peak expiratory flow,PEF),峰值功率、平均功率及疲劳指数(fatigue index,FI)均显著升高(P<0.05),正常体重组患儿PEF和FI均显著高于超重组(P<0.05),用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV1)及FEV1/FVC训练前后均无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 间歇无氧运动可明显改善哮喘患儿的呼吸功能和运动能力,尤其对正常体重患儿的改善效果更加明显,同时具有较高的安全性.