Recently introduced microhaplotype has attracted more attention in forensic field. A microhaplotype is a short segment of DNA (e.g<200bp) contains two or more SNPs. The microhaplotypes showed extremely low mutation rates. The amplicons of alleles are balance to each other and without any stutters. By these advantages, it shows great value for forensic application, such as mixture stains analyzing, ancestor analysis, and kinship analysis. Thus, we aimed to review the development, analytical approach, nomenclature and population characteristic of microhaplotype.%微单倍型作为一种新型的法医学遗传标记,在国际法医学界已经引起了越来越多的关注.微单倍型是在较短片段内(例如200bp),包含2个或以上个SNP,具有单倍型多态性的序列.相较于STR,微单倍型突变率低,在混合斑鉴定中具有一定优势;与SNP相比较,微单倍型的多态性更高.选择含有祖先信息特征的微单倍型,在种群分析鉴定中具有应用价值.本文就微单倍型的演变,分型方法,命名及群体特征等方面作一综述.
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