不同强度和颜色的光对仿刺参幼参聚集行为的影响

摘要

在水温9.0~16.0℃下,进行了2个室内受控实验,研究不同强度和颜色的光对仿刺参幼参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka（）体质量0.10~0.17 g）聚集行为的影响。实验1：将仿刺参幼参放在覆以黑色塑料布的白色塑料水槽（50 cm×40 cm×30 cm）中,在距水槽7 cm的一端分别放置15 W、25 W、40 W、60 W和100 W的白炽灯泡,连续照射24 h,每隔2 h观察、记录仿刺参在水槽中不同区域的分布。实验2：在微流水的循环水槽中央的大方槽中放50头大小均一的健康仿刺参幼参,水槽底部有1.5 cm高的空隙与两侧的6个小方槽相通。5个小方槽中上方分别放红、黄、绿、蓝、白色的节能灯,波长分别为639、587、548和435 nm,另一个小方槽中无光照作对照。在循环水槽上方加盖不透光的厚纸板,12 h光照＋12 h黑暗,每隔3 h观察记录仿刺参在各小方槽中的数量,4 d为一个实验周期,重复8次。结果表明：在实验光照强度下,仿刺参均在距光源最远的Ⅳ区域中数目较多,其中40 W（光照强度为12~19 lx）时聚集的最多。仿刺参在红色光区的聚集数目明显高于其它光色区,其中红光与蓝光、白光差异极显著（P〈0.01）,红光与黑暗对照差异显著（P〈0.05）,白光与绿光差异显著（P〈0.05）。实验发现,红色光为仿刺参敏感的光色。%Abstract： Two indoor trials were conducted to study effects of various light intensities and colors on aggregation of juvenile sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） with body weight of 0.10-0.17 g. In the first trial, the sea cucumber was stocked into a white plastic tank（50 cm × 40 cm× 30 cm）, 7 cm apart from one end of which 15W, 25W, 40W, 60W, and 100 W bulbs were displaced and covered with black plastic sheet for 24 h. The aggregation of the sea cucumber was observed and recorded in different regions of the tank at water temperature of 9.0-16.0℃ in a 2 hour interval for 24 h with triplication. In the second trial, 50 healthy individuals of sea cucumber were stocked into a flowing sea water plastic tank consisted of a large compartment connected to six small compartments by a 1.5 cm height crevice. There was red （wave length of 639 nm）, yellow （wave length of 587 nm）, green （wave length of 548 nm）, blue（wave length of 435 nm）, or white bulb on the 5 small compartments and no any bulb on the rest small compartment as control. During the second trial, the recycling water tank was covered by a thick paper plate with a photoperiod of 12 h light： 12 h dark, and the number of the sea cucumber was observed and recorded in a 3 hour interval for 24 h with octoplication. The results showed that more sea cucumber were found in the farthest region IV in the tanks, the maximum in the tanks exposed to the 40 W bulb withlight intensity of 12~ 19 lx. More sea cucumber was showed to aggregate in the small compartment exposed to red light than in the small compartments exposed to other light colors, very significantly between in the red compartment and blue and white compartments （P 〈 0.01）, significantly between in the red compartment and in the control compartments （P〈0.05）, significantly between in the white compartment and in the green compartment （P〈0.05）, indicating that the sea cucumber was very sensitive to red light.