2011年4~10月对黑龙江省境内的绰尔河大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查研究，共采到大型底栖动物53种，隶属于14目29科。其中水生昆虫最多，为34种，分属6目18科，占总数的64.15%。在采集到的53种大型底栖动物中，在功能摄食类群中收集者种类最多，为15种，占28.30%；刮食者和捕食者各为14种；撕食者10种。大型底栖动物相对重要指数排在前十位的依次为圆顶珠蚌（Unio douglasiae）、Gumaga okinawaensis、二尾蜉（Siphlonurus sp.）、Limnocentropus insolitus、幽蚊（Chaoborus sp.）、宽体金线蛭（Whitmania pigra）、Epeorus uenoi、东北田螺（Viviparus chui）、小蜉（Ephemerella sp.）和黑龙江短沟蜷（Semisulcospira amurensis）。调查期间，绰尔河大型底栖动物平均密度为33.32ind/m2，平均生物量为1.65g/m2，二者均以秋季最高，但前者春季最低，后者夏季最低。K-优势曲线与Shannon-Weiner指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数分析结果相一致：均以夏季最高，秋季最低。 BI生物指数评价结果表明，绰尔河中上游水质处于清洁等级，下游水质处在轻度污染-污染等级。%The community structure of macrozoobenthos in Chaor River was investigated from April to October in 2011. A total of 53 species were collected, belonging to 14 orders and 29 families, in which there were the maximal number in aquatic insects, with 34 species (64.15%of the total species number) belonging to 18 families and 6 orders. In the 53 species collected, the maximal species (15) were found to be collectors in number, accounting for 28.3%of the total number in all functional feeding groups, followed by scrapers and predators (14 species) and shredders (10 species). The top ten macrozoobenthos ranked by relative importance index (IBI) were freshwater mussel Unio douglasiae, Gumaga okinawaensis, Siphlonurus sp., Limnocentropus insolitus, Chaoborus sp., Whit-mania pigra, Epeorus uenoi, Viviparus chui, Ephemerella sp. and Semisulcospira amurensis. There were annual average density of 33.32 ind/m2 and biomass of 1.65g/m2 for macrozoobenthos, the maximum in autumn in 2011. The results of K-dominance curve was found to be coincided with Shannon-Weiner index, Pielou index and Simpson index, the maximum in summer and the minimum in autumn. The biotic index(BI) assessment revealed that the water quality was clear in the upper reach, and median between light pollu-tion and pollution in the downstream of Chaor River.
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