用微卫星标记鉴定和分析德国镜鲤的家系及遗传结构

摘要

In order to breed resistance to CyHV-3 new variety of mirror common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. mirror carp), 27 families were constructed in the F1 families and were cultured in the same ponds in 2012. In the study, the survivors were sampled and the ge-netic structure and identification of 27 families were inferred by microsatellite markers. The accumulative exclusion rate using four mi-crosatellite loci was 99.9%and the assignment rate between parents and offspring was 100%with confidence of 95%. Thirty-two alle-les were found in the families at a rate of 7~10 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosis was ranged from 0.6796 to 0.8019 with average of 0.7510. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that 19 families were in disequilibrium mode (P<0.05),in which 15 were significantly disequilibrium (P<0.01). The genetic distance among 27 families were from 0.1751 to 0.8772 with an average value of 0.4452. The family clustering showed that most families were converged into two branches in topology tree and others scattered in different branches, indicating that there is rich genetic diversity in the families. The genetic differentiation among families was found significant, in which most were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because of the virus selection. The findings will be impor-tant for the selective breeding to CyHV-3 in the future.%为选育抗疱疹病毒的德国镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. mirror carp）新品种，2012年在F1抗病家系基础上，构建27个家系，同池养殖。本研究采集经疱疹病毒感染存活个体，应用多态性微卫星标记对构建的27个德国镜鲤家系进行鉴定和遗传结构分析。结果显示：（1）4个位点累计排除率为99.9%，亲本与子代的配对率为100%（P=0.05）；（2）在27个家系的4个位点中检测到32个等位基因，每个位点7~10个等位基因，期望杂合度为0.6796~0.8019，平均期望杂合度为0.7510；（3）8个家系处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态下，19个家系处于不平衡状态下（P<0.05），其中有15个家系为极显著不平衡（P<0.01）；（4）27个家系间遗传距离为0.1751~0.8772，平均值为0.4425，聚类分析中，27个家系主要聚在两个分支上，其它家系分散于不同分支。结果表明：27个家系具有较高的遗传多样性，家系间遗传分化明显，大部分家系因病毒选择作用偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。家系群体遗传结构研究结果将为下一步品种选育工作提供重要的理论依据和技术支持。